• 作者： 劉秋木；林美珠
• 作者服務機構： *Department of Elementary School Education **Department of Instructional Psychology and Counseling National Hualien Teachers Colleg Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.
• 中文摘要： The TAT has been used extensively in research and clinical practice. But its validity has been intensively questioned partly because the interpretation of TAT stories depends, as some critics pointed out, on the skill and clinical experience of the examiner. This paper discusses in detail the concept of apperception distortion and the interpretation skills which Bellak (1993) developed on the basis of it, and then examines them from a hermeneutic point of view. Primarily, the TAT stories are "texts." Therefore this paper tries to develop an interpretation procedure based on Ricoeur's theory of text. He distinguishes two phases of interpretation: explanation and understanding, the former analyzing the linguistic structure of a text and the latter making references to the meanings of the text. Following him, we develop a new interpretation procedure of two phases: first analyzing the linguistic structure (surface structure) of a story and then inferring the latent intentions, conflicts, personality functions (latent structure) of the story teller. In analyzing the surface structure of a story, we explicate the case grammar, frames, and the plot of the story, and the interpersonal relationships and emotional structures of the characters in that story. To infer the latent structure of a story, we use metaphor and other skills for distorted expressions. Finally, two different personality profiles, and accordingly, two types of moral value, are shown by applying the new procedure in analyzing two TAT stories.
• 英文摘要： 主題統覺測驗（TAT）曾廣泛使用於研究和臨床，但是TAT故事的解釋卻依賴測驗者的臨床經驗，使其客觀性受到質疑。本文詳細討論Bellak（1993）所提供的統覺扭曲的理論以及由此引申出來的解釋技術，並從詮釋學觀點檢驗其理論與技術。基本上TAT故事可視為文件，所以本文依Ricoeur的文件理論發展一套解釋程序。Ricoeur認為詮釋可分為兩階段，其一稱為說明，在於分析文件的語言結構，其次為理解，在於推論文件之意義。本研究依其理論發展一套含有兩階段的解釋程序：首先分析故事的語言結構（表面結構），繼則推論說故事者的意向、衝突、和人格特質（潛在結構）。在表面結構的分析方面，本文討論格的文法、架構、故事情節、人際關係和情感關係等概念。在潛在結構的推論方面，本文討論如何以比喻以及其他技術處理扭曲的表達。由這些理論分析本文提出一套新的解釋程序，並將此程序應用於兩個受試者之故事的解釋，顯露出兩個截然不同的人格側影及其不同的道德價值。
• 中文關鍵字： TAT; personality; projective technique; hermeneutic; moral value
• 英文關鍵字： 主題統覺測驗；詮釋學；道德價值