- 作者: Mikhail S. Chesnokov, Aygun R. Mamedova, Boris Zhivotovsky & Gelina S. Kopeina
- 作者服務機構: 1.Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain 2.Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3.Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia 4.Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- 中文摘要:
- 英文摘要:
Background
The mammalian ovary is a unique organ that displays a distinctive feature of cyclic changes throughout the entire reproductive period. The estrous/menstrual cycles are associated with drastic functional and morphological rearrangements of ovarian tissue, including follicular development and degeneration, and the formation and subsequent atrophy of the corpus luteum. The flawless execution of these reiterative processes is impossible without the involvement of programmed cell death (PCD).
Main text
PCD is crucial for efficient and careful clearance of excessive, depleted, or obsolete ovarian structures for ovarian cycling. Moreover, PCD facilitates selection of high-quality oocytes and formation of the ovarian reserve during embryonic and juvenile development. Disruption of PCD regulation can heavily impact the ovarian functions and is associated with various pathologies, from a moderate decrease in fertility to severe hormonal disturbance, complete loss of reproductive function, and tumorigenesis. This comprehensive review aims to provide updated information on the role of PCD in various processes occurring in normal and pathologic ovaries. Three major events of PCD in the ovary—progenitor germ cell depletion, follicular atresia, and corpus luteum degradation—are described, alongside the detailed information on molecular regulation of these processes, highlighting the contribution of apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. Ultimately, the current knowledge of PCD aberrations associated with pathologies, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian insufficiency, and tumors of ovarian origin, is outlined.
Conclusion
PCD is an essential element in ovarian development, functions and pathologies. A thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating PCD events is required for future advances in the diagnosis and management of various disorders of the ovary and the female reproductive system in general. - 中文關鍵字:
- 英文關鍵字: Ovarian development, Programmed cell death, Primordial germ cells, Follicular atresia, Luteolysis, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Premature ovarian insufciency, Ovarian tumors