• 作者： Wang, Der-Her; Weng, Hung-Shan
• 中文摘要： 本文是針對以溴化四丁基銨(QBr)為相間轉移觸媒催化正溴丁烷(以甲苯為溶劑)與酚化鈉(水溶液)之反應,研究第三液相之形成對反應的影響。對於酚化鈉及氫氧化鈉影響四丁基銨離子對在各相中之分布與對反應速率的效應亦予以探討。實驗結果顯示:第三液相之形成可增進反應速率,增加QBr和氫氧化鈉,及減少酚化鈉的用量有利於第三液相的形成。由於鹽析作用,溴化鈉與氫氧化鈉可將QBr(或QOH)從水相中析出,但限於有機相中甲苯對於QBr(或QOH)的低溶解度,遂形成第三液相。氫氧化鈉有將酚化四丁基銨(QOPh)從有機相中逆萃取至水相的能力。此外,當系統中使用較大量之QBr且較少量的酚化鈉時,加入大量的氫氧化鈉將迫使QOPh凝縮於第三液相,然而溴化鈉僅能將QOPh從水相中鹽析入油相,當反應系統中未加入氫氧化鈉時,親核性取代反應將於有機相中進行。當加入氫氧化鈉時,如有第三液相生成,則此相將成為反應進行的主要場所; 若未能形成第三液相,則反應將於水油界面上進行。
• 英文摘要： An investigation is made in this study regarding the formation of the third liquid phase and its influence on the phase transfer catalytic reaction between n-butyl bromide(BuBr, with toluene as the solvent) and sodium phenolate(NaOPh, dissolved in water) with tetrabutylammonium bromide(QBr) as the catalyst. The effects of NaOPh and NaOH on the distribution of tetrabutylammonium ion pairs and reaction rates are also studied. Experimental results reveal that the third liquid phase is beneficial to the reaction rate. More QBr and NaOH, and less sodium phenolate are advantageous to the appearance of a third liquid phase. NaBr and NaOH can force QBr (or QOH) out from aqueous phase to form a third liquid phase due to salting-out effect and small solubility of QBr (or QOH) is toluene. In addition, NaOH has the ability to extract reversely QOPh from the organic phase, and with larger amounts of NaOH and QBr being added, QOPh may be concentrated forming a third liquid phase when a lesser amount of NaOPh is used. Nevertheless, NaBr can only salt QOPh into the organic phase. Without NaOH being added, reactions will occur in organic phase. With NaOH being added, a third liquid phase (if existing) will be the primary location for the reaction. If the phase does not exist, the reaction will take place on the interface of organic and aqueous phases.
• 中文關鍵字： 相轉移觸媒; 液相; 溴化四丁基銨; 鹽析; 逆萃取
• 英文關鍵字： Phase Transfer Catalyst; Liquid Phase; Tetrabutylammonium Bromide; Salt Effect; Reverse Extraction