• 作者： 林琚三
• 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學理學院大氣科學系
• 中文摘要： 太陽之輻射能實為影響大氣層變動、大氣中諸種不同現象以及地球表面諸種過程的唯一主要能源。天然地表面上發生之輻射能收支，可藉如下之平衡式表示: Qn=(Q-q)+q+Ld-r．Q-r．Ld-Lu式中，Qn為浮輻射(Net Radiation); Q為全輻射(Global Radiation); q為漫輻射(天光)(Diffuse Radiation or Sky Light); (Q-q)為太陽直接輻射(Solar Direct Radiation); Ld為大氣逆輻射(Counter Radiation); r為全輻射在地表面之反射率或反照率(Reflectivity or Albedo); r'為大氣逆輻射在地表面之反射率，(於本研究中，因該值微小，不計入); Lu為地面射向大氣之熱輻射(Terrestrial Thermal Radiation) 在台灣大學大氣科學系之輻射能收支研究觀測場中，除Lu外，上述之各輻射要素均以不同輻射表直接加以測定及自動記錄。Lu之值以上式中當做唯一未知數而求得，另亦以Stefan-Boltzmann定律:Lu=ε．σT4，經由測定之地面發射率ε為0.96，及土壤溫度(T°K)而算得，(σ為常數0.826 x lO-10。 cal．cm-2．min-1．deg-4) 。 由性能較佳之Eppley式輻射強度表(Pyranometer)連續測定值校正原已進行觀測之Robitzsch式日射計(Pyrheliograph)，而得出台北地區全年各月份及各日之「全輻射」。以Robitzsch式日射計測得之值與實際全輻射值有頗大之差異，其間須以1.51之校正數值乘之。又由觀測資料顯示，相對全輻射(Q/QA)與相對日照時數(n/N)間亦具有線性迴歸關係。至於輻射與雲量間之相關性，因未有雲型之觀測資料，不易獲得可靠之關係式。木研究因為期兩年，此第一年之資料搜集及儀器之構置與校正觀測工作均已完成，故於第二年中將可順利進行各輻射要素之收支側定以及其與諸種氣象要素(如:雲量、雲型、日照時數、氣溫、溼度、地溫)間之相關性研究;並以台灣各地測候所之原有日照時數及雲量之長期紀錄，算得台灣地區之輻射能收支及其分佈狀記。
• 英文摘要： The radiant energy of the sun is practically the only source of energythat influences atmospheric motions and the many various processes in theatmosphere and surface layers of the Earth's crust. The radiation energybudget occurred on the natural ground surface can be expressed as follows: Qn=(Q-q)+q-Ld-r．Q-r．Ld-LuAmong them, Qn is the net radiation, Q is the global radiation, q is the diffuse radiation (sky light),(Q-q) is the direct solar radiation,Ld is the atmospheric thermal radiation (counter radiation).r is the reflectivity (i.e. albedo) of the global radiation on thenatural ground surface, r' is the reflectivity of the longwave counter radiation on the naturalground surface (because of its small value, r' is neglected in this study.), Lu is the terrestrial thermal radiation.All the above-mentioned radiation components, except Lu are measured andrecorded at the weather station of National Taiwan University in Taipei.The upward longwave radiation, Lu, from the ground surface is computedfrom the Stefan-Boltzmann's Law (Lu=ε．σ．T4) with the determined surfaceemissivity(ε=0.96 in this study) and the recorded soil temperature (T°K).σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann's constant,σ=0.826 x 10-10 cal．cm-2．min-1．deg-4. There are some 20 weather stations in Taiwan with long records of sun-shine duration and cloudiness. However, only one of the stations has three-year record of global radiation, and there are no measurements of othercomponents of the radiation flux. In the absence of a dense network, thebest solution is to drive exact relationships among various radiation com-ponents, so that the readily available sunshine duration and cloudiness datacan be used to estimate various radiation parameters. The first-year studyof radiation energy budget in Northern Taiwan (Taipei) has induced asatisfactory relationship between global radiation (Q) and the sunshine dura-tion (n). The radiation flux readily measured with Robitzsch pyrheliographis also corrected by the Eppley pyranometer with a coefficient of 1.51. Dailyand annual totals of global radiation for Taipei and their range are analys-ed. This study will continue at least one year more and will take Chia-Yi Weather Station into the observation series, from Summer, 1974 on.
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