- 作者: James A. Shymansky
- 作者服務機構: E. Desmond Lee Professor of Science Education University of Missouri-St. Louis St. Louis, Mo. U.S.A.
- 中文摘要: In this paper the need for using student outcome data in the certification of science teachers is argued. A brief review of the basic model underpinning current certification practices is presented to demonstrate that extant practices ignore student outcome data despite student, parent, public, and school officials' interest in these data. The need for a comprehensive program of research into the effects of teacher behaviors and practices on student outcomes is discussed. Finally, results of a teacher inservice project in which student outcome data were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the project and a description of one state's efforts to use student outcome data in school certification are presented to support arguments that student outcome data can and should be used in the ongoing certification of teacher cohorts and possibly of teachers individually
- 英文摘要: --
- 中文關鍵字: certification, licensure, accountability
- 英文關鍵字: --