• 作者： 劉孔生; 陳成
• 作者服務機構： 國立台灣大學農藝研究所
• 中文摘要： 玉米全套相互轉座染色體之同原系能?釐定數量性狀之遺傳，但染色體轉座常
  隨伴著基因缺失及轉位效應，而影響基因之表現，因此本研究以不同遺傳背景之全
  套轉座材料，在同原系重建之前，利用不同的交配世代探討各染色體轉座後對玉米
  砂耕幼苗重量之影響，以便作為日後研究幼苗生長勢之參考，亦可明瞭染色體轉座
  對幼苗生長勢之影響，進行學理之探討。
  於親本及世代，不同親本間之遺傳差異會影響幼苗之生長勢，且其效應尚
  能傳遞至組合之表現，經估算所得之6族?幼苗生長勢則無明顯差異，
  顯示在世代不同之染色體轉座對幼苗之生長具有相等之影響。再比較三世代之
  平均，可知雜種優勢對幼苗生長勢具有極大之影響力，且超越染色體轉座之效應，
  而雙轉座則會降低幼苗生長勢。由轉座親本相互交配所獲得的81組6組合，幼苗
  生長受雄親、雌親之一般及特殊組合力支配，且具有母系效應或受胞質基因控制。
  全套4×全套4之81組族?各依外表型可區分為蠟質與非蠟質，經複因
  子變方分析得知蠟質幼苗生長勢較強，但因為蠟質子實較輕，因此幼苗重量差異不y
• 英文摘要： It Seems convenent to study andlocalize polygenes on chromosomes byusing a whole set of chromosomal reci-procal translocasion isogenic lines, alth-ough there may involve the deletion ofsome gene or transposition effect attranslocated chromosomes that may aff-ect another gene expression. We usedthe whole set of 9 translocation hom-ozygote stocks (not isogenic) of cornas a parent to cross with the eliteinbred H95 as the recurrent parent.The resulted were crossed in allpossible combinations to generate 81to examine the chromosomal tran-slocation effects on the seedling vigor,a quatitative trait, of sandy-culturedcorn. In addition, the of diallelcrosses between the 9 translocationhomozygote stocks were also used inan attempt to evaluate the possibleeffect of different chromosomes onseedling vigor. The genetic differences of stockparents affected seedling vigor of thepopulation but no significantdifference was found among the estima-ted ring of six combinations,indicating the same effects of differentchromosomal translocations in the generation. A comparison between themeans of three generations indicatesthat heterosis had a larger influence onthe seedling vigor than the effects ofchromosomal transloca-tion, and theseedling vigor was depressed by doublechromosome exchanges that involved.The seedling vigor of 81 combinationsof 6 translocation heterozgotes obtainedfrom the crosses between the 9 stockswere controlled by combining ability ofmale and female parents with the ap-preciable female parental effects orcytoplasmic effects. Based on phenotypes, we classifiedwaxy and non-waxy kernels in each ofthe populations of 81 cross combina-tions derived from the whole set 4× whole set 4 crossing. A factorialanalysis showed the stronger seedlingvigor existed in the waxy group. Sincethe weight of waxy kernels was lighterthan the nonwaxy, no significant dif-ference was obtained in the seedlingweight. The seedling vigor of the population was also controlled by com-bining ability of male and female pa-rents with a smaller variation, but nomaternal effect was involved, probablydue to the fact that they shared withthe common recurrent parent - H95inbred.
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