• 作者： 丘穎哲
• 作者服務機構： 私立中原大學化學系
• 中文摘要： 　　表面活性劑溶油在自然界及工業界皆佔有重要的地位；膽鹽對脂質的溶化，藥物的溶解，清潔劑的去污與三級採油等皆是很好的例子。由於實驗上的困難，文獻上雖有不少溶油總量的研究，但卻缺乏溶油速率的測定。本實驗室建立了一種實驗方法，可同時測量溶油總量與速率。我們發現微胞大小對溶油之影響甚大。在許多情況下，溶油總量及速率與微胞大小成正比。微胞大小為一可測量，可控制之因素。我們認為大的微胞可促進溶油並降低界面張力；並以此為基礎解釋三級採油中表面活性劑的功能，改善配方的效率與耐鹽度。同時解釋非離子表面活性劑之構造與功能，膽鹽之溶油與電解質之關係。本文將對本實驗室近年來所做有關這方面的研究，作一綜合性的說明。
• 英文摘要： Surfactant solubilization plays an important role in naturally occurring and industrial processes:bile salt solubilization of fatty materials, drug dissolution, detergency and tertiary oil recovery. Whilea large number of investigations have been devoted to measuring the equilibrium solubilization capacityof a surfactant, relatively few studies have been made on the determination of the rate of solubilization,perhaps due to the difficulty of making such a measurement. We have developed a method for measuringthe solubilization rate as well as equilibrium solubilization capacity. We found that micellar size is veryimportant in surfactant solubilization. In most cases, solubilization rate and equilibrium capacity are pro-portional to micellar size, a measurable and controllable factor. A theory has been proposed that the largesurfactant aggregates are important in obtaining rapid solubilization and ultralow interfacial tension. Byusing this theory, we explain the performance of surfactants in enhanced oil recovery, improved currentformulation in achieving ultralow interfacial tension and provide guidance for finding surfactants with highelectrolyte tolerance. We explain also nonionic detergent performance as a function of surfactant structureand the solubilization of bile salt as a function of electrolyte concentration. This paper will give a reviewof our recent research in these areas.
• 中文關鍵字： surfactant; micelle; size; solubilization; detertgent; petroleum recovery
• 英文關鍵字： --