- 作者: Shaheen E Lakhan; Shefali Sabharanjak; Ananya De
- 作者服務機構: Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- 中文摘要: --
- 英文摘要:
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) represent an interesting amalgamation
of the three basic kinds of cellular macromolecules viz. proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. An
unusually hybrid moiety, the GPI-anchor is expressed in a diverse range of organisms from parasites
to mammalian cells and serves to anchor a large number of functionally diverse proteins and has
been the center of attention in scientific debate for some time now. Membrane organization of GPIAPs
into laterally-organized cholesterol-sphingolipid ordered membrane domains or "rafts" and
endocytosis of GPI-APs has been intensely debated. Inclusion into or exclusion from these
membrane domains seems to be the critical factor in determining the endocytic mechanisms and
intracellular destinations of GPI-APs. The intracellular signaling as well as endocytic trafficking of
GPI-APs is critically dependent upon the cell surface organization of GPI-APs, and the associations
with these lipid rafts play a vital role during these processes. The mechanism of endocytosis for
GPI-APs may differ from other cellular endocytic pathways, such as those mediated by clathrincoated
pits (caveolae), and is necessary for unique biological functions. Numerous intracellular
factors are involved in and regulate the endocytosis of GPI-APs, and these may be variably
dependent on cell-type. The central focus of this article is to describe the significance of the
endocytosis of GPI-APs on a multitude of biological processes, ranging from nutrient-uptake to
more complex immune responses. Ultimately, a thorough elucidation of GPI-AP mediated signaling
pathways and their regulatory elements will enhance our understanding of essential biological
processes and benefit as components of disease intervention strategies. - 中文關鍵字: --
- 英文關鍵字: --