• 作者： 范秉真; 王怡昌; 劉銳中; 羅新生; 金明儒
• 作者服務機構： Parasitology Laboratory; Department of Medical Biomorphics; National Defense Medical Center and Kohlberg Medical Research Laboratory; Veterans General Hospital; VACRS; Department of Pharmacy; National Defense Medical Center
• 中文摘要： Ⅰ.Present Status of filariasis: It is difficult to administer diethylcar-bamazine (DEC) to symptom-free microfil-aremia cases, because of side-effects. There-fore, mixing common salt with the DEC seemto be the way to overcome the objection.(Hawking et al, 1967).This practice is tobe carried out on Little Kinmen Island, oneof Kinmen group. The basic data obtained,prior to the test on filariasis are summa-rized as follows： The filarial infection rate was 9.6%among 4,794 Kinmen Chinese, microfilarial(mf.) density per 20 cmm of blood was14.4, and the clinical rate was 26.2%among 294 filarial carriers. The mf.density and clinical rate were much higher inthe males (16.8 and 42.4%) than in thefemales (11.9 and 13.0%). The mf. rateand clinical rate appeared to increase withage, but not for mf. density. In the males, most of cases had the trouble in their repr-oductive organs and lymph system, but in thefemales the inguinal lymph nodes enlargementand chyluria were the common complaint. Nine species of 4 genera (6 Culex, 1Anopheles, I Aedes and 1 Armigeres) of house-hold mosquitoes were collected from indoorresting sites of 11 villages：Culex.p.fatigansand Armigeres subalbatus are the most com-mon species, and the remaining 7 species arerare. The only vector of bancroftian filaria-sis is Culex p.fatigans. On the other hand9 species of 4 genera of mosquito larvae werefound in 7 types of breeding sites, namely：pit latrine, pig-feces tanks, marsh-gaswatertanks, polluted drains, polluted ponds, fecespolluted irrigation tanks and abandoned con-tainers. Two most common species, Culex p.fatigans and Armigeres subalbatus were foundin abundance in all breeding sites.2.Diethylcarbamazine-Common Salt for treatment of filariasis: Common salt was dried in sunlight anddehydrated to a water content of lower than0.6% (W/W). Use a mechanical screen(10 meshes/inch) to exclude large particles.1n each run, dissolve 743 gm(with l0%excess)Hetrazan in 400 ml. of hot water. Add 400m1.of 95% alcohol with addition of 4 gm adhesiveagent-PVP K90 and miX them well: Place 200 kgof screened salt crystals into a 8-angle coatingpan(54 inches in diameter, 32 inches indepth), and operate at a speed of 24 rpm.Spray the Hetrazan solution to the salt, usegun with the aid of air-compressor. It takesat least 40 minutes tocarry out the whole process.After finishing it, use a hot fan blower for20 minutes to remove the excessive alcoholsolution to free the medicated salt fromunfavorable odor of alcohol. After each run, determine the watercontent. Theoretically, Hetrazan content is0.33% (W/W) which is equivalent to 15 gmsalt containing 50 mg Hetrazan；the 10%excess of Hetrazan is allowed to make com-pensation for the loss which is unavoidableduring the process. Accurately weigh 100 mg of Hetrazan,and then mix with 30 gm of salt. Extract it withappropriate amount of hot absolute alcoholseveral times and make volume to 100 ml.Take 5 ml. into a 50 ml. beaker to evaporizeon water bath. Residue is dissolved indistilled water and make volume to 50 ml.Take 5 ml ．and make volume to 50 ml．withdistilled water. Then, determine its opticaldensity at a wavelength of 211 nm. The av-erage O.D. of working standards is 0.250. Weigh 30 gm of medicated salt, the subs-equent procedures are the same as thosementioned above. Referring its O.D. to thestandard, the Hetrazan content can be easilyobtained. The overall process lasted fromMay 10, 1974 to June 10, 1974 consisting91 batches of product. The average contentof Hetrazan in the medicated salt, deter-mined by the above method was 87.9%.The average water content after processingwas 0.5% (W/W).
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