- 作者: 林中茂
- 作者服務機構: 臺灣省立嘉義農業專科學校
- 中文摘要:
本研究供試品種計有133粳稻品種(系),包括日本引進之32品種以及本省育成的36品種與65
品系,均於62年第2期作栽培於嘉義農專試驗田。茲按M.G.Kendall及奧野忠一氏的主成分分析
法(principal component analysis),將分析結果摘要如下:
(一)供試粳稻品種(系)間,性狀之變異係數以LAI、穗數、生育日數以及穗長等性狀較大(表
2),該等性狀均為育種目標性狀,因其變異性大,故可為頗具價值的育種材料。
(二)根據10個調查性狀之相關係數(表3),將調查性狀分為5個性狀?(Character groups)
(表4)並以各?代表性狀作成相關行列(Correlation matrix) (表5),再經主成分分析估算其
固有值λ ( (Eigen value)和固有向量 (Eigen vector),結果分析至第三主成分時,得其
%variance的和(=Σλ)為90.02%(表6)
1.第一主成分關係的性狀有生育日數,株高、穗長、穗數、LAI、葉角、葉寬、葉長以及節
間長等。
2.第二主成分關係的性狀有LAI、葉長以及節間數等。
3.第三主成分關係的性狀有穗數、株高、LAI、葉角、葉長、葉寬、節間長以及節間數等。
(三)將三個主成分作為軸,組成三種(p)坐標,作成三種品種散佈圖(Scatter diagram)
(圖1.2.3),凡品種在坐標上的位置相近者歸類為一品種?( Varietal group ),計得四個品種
?,如下:
1.V1:晚熟、高桿、中穗、下垂中葉、節間中或長型。
2.V2:晚熟、中桿、長穗、中垂中或小葉、節間中型。
3.V3:早熟、中桿、多穗、中垂或大葉、節間中型。
4.V4:早熟、短桿、中穗,直立中或大葉、節間中或數型。
(四)在本試驗中,日本品種多屬V3, V4;臺灣省農業試驗所與臺北區農業改良場育成的品種多
屬V2;新竹、臺中、臺南、花蓮等區農業改良場育成的即多屬於V1與V2;嘉義農業試驗分所
與臺東區農業改良場育成的即偏向於V2與V3;高雄區農業改良場育成的株型(plant type)較
廣泛,包括四個品種?的品種。
(五)本省現行育種目標為早熟、短桿、有效分?多、穗長以及直立葉的品種,故可以V3或V4
為輪迴親本(Recurrent parent)而以V2為非輪迴親本(Non-recurrent parent)採用?交
育種法實施?交,而後在其?交後裔中選拔合乎育種目標之品種即可收事半功借之效矣!
e - 英文摘要: In this study, 133 japonica rice varieties (strains) including 36 varieties and 65 strains developed by various stations in Taiwan and 32 varieties introduced fromJapan were used for investigation. These varieties and strains were grown in thesecond crop of 1973 at the Rice Experimental Farm of Taiwan Provincial Chia-yiInstitute of Agriculture. The data analysed by the Principal Component Analysis were summarized asfollows: 1. The coefficients of variation for the important agronomic characters suchas LAI, panicle number, heading date and panicle length were apparently largerthan those of other characters among japonica rice varieties (Table 2). Thus, thesecharacters appear useful as breeding materials for japonica rice varieties. 2. Classification of 10 characters into 5 characters groups were made (Table4). From them, 5 representative characters were selected and the correlation matrixwas also calculated (Table 5). According to the principal component analysis, 44.85,29.27 and 15.90 percentages of the total variation of 5 characters were accounted forby the first three principal components respectively (Table 6). (1) The first principal component corresponded to heading date, plant height,panicle length, panicle number, LAI, leaf width, leaf length, internode length andleaf angle. (2) The second principal component corresponded to internode number, LAIand leaf length. (3) The third principal component corresponded to panicle number, plant hei-ght, LAI, leaf angle, leaf length, leaf width, internode length and internode number. 3. The classification of 133 varieties (strains) were based on three principalcomponent axes and the three scatter diagrams were made from the first threeprincipal components' scores of these varieties. The smaller the distance betweenvarieties, the more similar would be the characteristic of varieties. So the 133varieties (strains) with small distances among them were grouped into 4 varietalgroups as follows (Fig 1-3): (1) V1: late maturity, long culm, medium panicle, erect or medium leaf, mediumor long internode. (2) V2: late maturity, medium culm, long panicle, medium erect and mediumor smaller leaf, medium internode. (3) V3: early maturity, medium culm, large number of panicle, medium erectand medium or larger leaf, medium internods. (4) V4: eaaly maturity, short culm, medium panicle, erect and medium or largerleaf, medium or larger number of internode. 4. From the analysis of data mentioned above (Table 8), it was noted that theJapanese varieties belong to V3, V4; Varieties developed from Taiwan AgriculturalResearch Institute and Tai-pei District Agricultural Improvement Station belongto V2; Varieties or strains from Hsin-chu, Tai-chung, Tai-nan and Huan-leng's toV1, V2; Chia-yi and Tai-tung's to V2, V3 and Kao-hsiung's to all four varietalgroups. 5. Characters of early maturity, short culm, large number of panicle, longpanicle and erect leaf were the most important ob jectives of rice breeding in Tai-wan at the present time. By using varietal group V3 or V4 as recurrent parentsand V2 as donor parents, it is highly probable that the desirable characters of thethree groups could be successfully incorporated into new varieties.
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