• 作者： 林正祥
• 作者服務機構： 東海大學統計學系
• 中文摘要： 本研究探討台灣地區三大死因，惡性腫瘤、腦血管疾病及意外災害部分被去除時平均壽命增加之情形，在0歲時各大死因若去除50%其平均壽命獲得情形如下：意外災害及不良影響（男性）：1.27年；惡性腫瘤（男性）：1.12年；惡性腫瘤（女性）：0.97年；腦血管疾病（女性）：0.96年；腦血管疾病（男性）：0.82年；意外災害及不良影響（女性）：0.54年。而工作年齡層15-65歲各大死因去除50%時其平均壽命獲得情形如下：意外災害及不良影響（男性）：0.92年；惡性腫瘤（男性）：0.54年；惡性腫瘤（女性）：0.48年；意外災害及不良影響（女性）：0.29年；腦血管疾病（男性）：0.14年；腦血管疾病（女性）：0.13年。在意外災害中交通事故又佔了55%以上，因此就生產力而言，男性意外災害所造成的損失至鉅，如何增加工作群之平均壽命對國家之發展具舉足輕重地位，因此宜針對男性之工作年齡群訂定有效之預防對策，如何宣導、教育之以避免肇事率之升高，應為列為第一優先之要務，此外，中年以上得開始注意惡性腫瘤及腦血管疾病之預防，對於老年者，則腦血管疾病之預防得列為首要任務。
• 英文摘要： Mortality due to communicable diseases of bacterial origin has dropped substantially since1950. Malignant neoplasm (MN), Cerebrovascular disease (CV), and Accidents (AD) have beenthe three leading causes of death in Taiwan for the past twenty years. Especially in terms ofhealth resource planning, today's more realistic goal for reducing those diseases which play amajor role in mortality is for their partial rather than complete elimination. From a cost-benefit standpoint, complete elimination of the three leading causes of deathseems improbable, though efforts at their partial elimination are feasible. In this paper weinvestigate the potential gain in life expectancy through the partial elimination of the threeleading causes of death. For example, with a 50 percent reduction in these three leading causesof death, the number of years gained for a new-born child would be AD (male) 1.27 years > MN(Male) 1.12 Years > MN (female) 0.97 years > CV (female) 0.96 years > CV (male) 0.82years > AD (female) 0.54 years. The number of years gained for a person of working age(e.g. 15-65 years) would be AD (male) 0.92 years > MN (male) 0.54 years > MN (female)0.48 years > AD (female) 0.29 years > CV (male) 0.14 years > CV (female) 0.13 years. Fifty five percent of all AD are accidents from motor vehicles (VA); VA rates are especiallyhigh for people of working age. MN and CV are concentrated among the middle-aged andelderly, with CV especially prevalent among the elderly. Prevention programs would thus bemost effective if they set a high priority on reducing VA for persons of working age, and con-centrated MN and CV efforts on people entering middle-age-especially concentrating on thosewho are already elderly.
• 中文關鍵字： 惡性腫瘤; 腦血管疾病; 意外災害; 平均壽命; 工作年齡層
• 英文關鍵字： --