第4卷‧第5期,
197605
, pp. 18-35
葡萄黑痘病之研究
- 作者:
王錫慶
- 作者服務機構:
國立中興大學
- 中文摘要:
摘要 1.到目前為止,在臺灣尚未發現葡萄黑痘病原菌的子囊孢子世代Elsinoe ampelina(De Bary)Shear。其分生孢子世代應稱為Sphaceloma ampelinum De Bary。此病原菌目前在印度等地仍稱為Gloeosporium ampelophagum (perss.)Sacc.。但兩種病菌在形態上並無顯著差異。後者應為前者的同種異名。 2.在分離出的全部菌株中,就其菌落特性區分成下列五類: A類株菌:生長速度較快,有作平面擴展的傾向,菌落表面比較乾燥,呈紫黑色或深紫褐色,產生分生孢子較少。但菌落形態穩定,根少發生變異,如菌SA-1,SA-2等。 B類菌株:生長速度較慢,向上擴張呈丘形或半圓形,菌落表面黏滑,呈深粉紅色。可產生大量分生孢子,但菌落形態不穩定,培養一段時問後,變桔黃色或紅褐色,並不再產生孢子,亦不能恢復原來之形態,如菌株SA-3,SA-59,SA-70,SA-71等。 C類菌株:與B類菌株相似,菌落顏色略深。產生孢子較少,且較老的菌落上常生黑色塊狀物,如SA-4,SA31,SA-43,SA-44及SA-78等。 D類菌株:菌落略呈丘狀,但邊綠則有平面擴展之趨勢,肉眼下表面略呈毛毯狀,如SA-15,SA-64,SA-66及SA-72等。 E類菌株:極少產生分生孢子,如SA-28等。 3.目前本省栽培的意大利與巨峰品種發生黑痘病最嚴重;新玫瑰香、黑后、貝利A次之;金香及奈加拉亦常發生。巨峰品種發病嚴重果園損失約40%左右。 4.病原菌生長適溫因菌株不同而有顯著差異。一般生長溫度約在8℃至36℃之間,在不同培養基上SA-2菌株生長的優劣順序為:馬鈴薯洋菜、胡蘿蔔洋菜·洋蔥洋菜,菜豆洋菜、玉米粉洋菜。 5.不同菌株在培養基上所產生的分生孢子大小差異不甚顯著。不同pH值培養基對病原菌的囊狀體(Cyst-like body)的大小有顯著影響。 6.病害發生與氣象因子有密切關係,尤其是雨量可左右葡萄黑痘病的猖獗與否。六十三年四月與六月降雨量過多,可招致黑痘病的嚴重發生。大面積栽培,罹病品種更促進接種原的大量產生、散播與惑染。 7.預測病害發生,及時噴藥與栽培抗病品種,是防治此病的最佳途徑。
- 英文摘要:
Anthracnose, also called bird's-eye
rot of grape has become one of the
most important diseases. The yield of
grape of susceptible variety as Kyoho
was reduced to about 40 per cent in cen-
tral Taiwan in 1974. The causal fungus,
Sphaceloma ampelinum de Bary, attacks
all parts of the plant in green stage,
but the perfect stage of the causal
fungus, Elsinoe ampelina (de Bary) Shear,
has not yet been found in Taiwan.
The varieties Italia, Kyoho and
Black Queen are of highly susceptibility
and Black Golden Muscat, Muscat Bailey
A, Neo Muscat and Niagara are more
or less susceptible. The 81 isolates of
the causal fungus were isolated from
different varieties, at different locations
from 1973 to 1974 in the central area
of Taiwan and most of the isolates
produced conidia after 15 days on PDA.
Inoculation experiments were carried
out in September, 1971. which indi-
cated that the incubation period of the
causal fungus are less than one month
Temperature tests were carried out
for several times, it indicated that the
maximum temperature for growth of
the causal fungus was about 36℃,
whereas the minimum was about 8℃,
the optimum temperature was about
24?-28℃. weight of colonies according
to the dry.
Five kinds of culture media namely
PDA, Carrot agar, Onion agar, Kidney
bean agar and Corn meal agar, were
used in the cultural studies with five
replications and repeated three times
for each trial at 24℃, PDA was found
to be the most favorable medium for
the growth of the causal fungus.
The pigments produced by several
isolates of the causal fungus on PDA
at 24℃ are greenish yellow or reddish
purple, but the isolate SA-28 has not
yet been bound to produce anypig-
ment.
The- disease incidence was closely
related to climatic factors from May
to November in 1974. It showed that
periods of high rainfall were followed
by severe outbreak of disease, while
period of low rainfall were limiting
factor to the development of the
disease.
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- 中文關鍵字:
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- 英文關鍵字:
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