- 作者: 張子超
- 作者服務機構: 臺灣師大環境教育研究所
- 中文摘要: 本研究的研究目的是瞭解博士班的學生對知識本質的看法,及他們如何經由做研究及撰寫論文而建構知識。本研究的研究對象為六個就讀於康乃爾大學的博士候選人,其中兩人屬於社會科學:發展社會學與經濟學;兩人為生物學領域的研究者:微生物學及自然資源;另外兩位則在理工的領域:理論物理和電機。為使資料詳實,這六個研究生都有豐富的研究經驗,其中兩人有多達七年的博士班研究經歷,稍短的兩位研究生也有四年的博士班的作研究經驗。 資料收集為兩階段的訪談,第一階段的訪談主題為科學知識的本質,其討論的綱要依次為:觀察、研究過程、數據、研究結果、知識內涵、和知識的發展;第二階段的訪談主題為研究知識的建構,配合研究知識的建構過程中,一些理論、哲學、價值、方法、及實際應用等子題,並關切這些子題的相互關係。 本研究的結果發現,研究生對於不同的議題採取不同的立場,因此他們對科學知識的態度並不一致;此外研究生於討論知識的本質時,較能接受建構哲學的觀點,但在他們實際從事研究工作時,則相當堅持實證哲學的規範。
- 英文摘要: This research was designed to examine Ph.D.students' epistemological commitmentsand their ways of research knowledge construction. Its subjects were six Cornell Ph.D.candidates. Their research fields covered physics, electrical engineering, microbiology,natural resources, economics, and development sociology. Basically, the choice of fieldsresulted from consideration for the balance of physical sciences, social sciences, andbiological sciences. The average duration of their studies at Cornell was 5.3 years. In the first interview, the students' epistemological commitments were revealed throughtheir responses on six issues: observation, inquiry process, data, inquiry results, knowledge,and the development and growth of knowledge. The second interview was incorporatedwith Novak's concept mapping and Gowin's epistemological Vee to study the students’research knowledge construction. This research showed that the students expressed different epistemological beliefsabout different issues, so their overall epistemological commitments were not consistent,and their research knowledge construction was methodologically oriented, with emphasison more methodological issues but less attention paid to the influences of theoretical issues. Overall, the students held moderate positions while discussing epistemological issues,but they adopted a firmly logical positivist view in constructing their research knowledge.This suggested the dominance of logical positivism in school education and researchsettings; however, their moderate position on epistemological issues showed their aware-ness of the constructivist perspective.
- 中文關鍵字: epistemological commitments; knowledge construction; gowin's epistemological Vee; logical positivism; constructivism
- 英文關鍵字: --