• 作者： 王旭; 沈榮鈞
• 作者服務機構： 國立清華大學語言學研究所
• 中文摘要： 語言學家認為台灣閩南語有兩種唇音限制。第一種限制是一個音節的起始子音及末尾子音不能同時為唇音，因此類似*[bam]的音節不能出現。另一種限制是元音及末尾子音不能同時為唇音，因此類似*[tum]的音節不能出現。 在本研究中，我們做了四個實驗，來探究這樣的限制是否為語言使用者所掌握。實驗一是以聽覺實驗的方式，請受試者判斷所聽到的音節可接受的程度。結果顯示破壞上述限制的音節，被接受的程度與聲調缺罅(tonotactic gaps)及偶發缺罅(accidental gaps)並無太大差別。但在接續的實驗二中，我們發現受試者的答案受到很強的類比效應的影響。 實驗三是一個音位代換實驗。在這個實驗中，受試者要在音節首或音節尾加一個音或取代一個音。在有些情況下，造成的音節會破壞上述限制，而形成如[bam]、[tum]等音節。我們的假設是，如果受試者受這些限制的話，他們將無法發出這些音節，而會以近似的音節取代。可是實驗的結果並未支持這個假設。 實驗四使用中國傳統聲韻學中的「反切」。受試者利用反切的方式將兩個音節結合成一個音節。如果正確運用反切的方式，有一些結合後的音節會破壞語音限制。可是受試者結合這些音節也沒有表現出比結合成聲調缺罅或偶發缺罅的音節困難。 基於這些實驗結果，以及我們觀察到台灣閩南語中一些語詞前後造成的語音變化，如[bam33 phue24]‘蠻皮’[bap21 bai24]‘眉毛’等現象，我們結論認為語言學家所觀察到的台灣閩南語的唇音限制可能只是歷史發展的結果，不見得語言使用者對這樣的限制會有所體會。
• 英文摘要： Linguists claim two types of labial constraints exist in Taiwan Min. One causes the nonoccurrence ofsuch syllables as [barn] in which both the initial consonant and the final consonant are labials. The other causesthe nonoccurrence of such syllables as [turn]，in which both the vowel and the final consonant are labials. In this study we used four experiments to explore whether such constraints are realized by Taiwan Minusers. Experiment I was a perception test in which the subjects were asked to judge the acceptability of thesyllables presented to them. The results showed that the non-acceptability of deviant syllables was notdifferent from tonotactic gaps and accidental gaps. But in a follow-up experiment (experiment 11) it was alsoobserved that the subjects were quite heavily influenced by analogy effect in their responses. Experiment III was a phoneme substitution test in which the subjects were asked to add or replace aconsonant in the syllable initial or final position such that a disallowed syllable, e.g. [barn] or [turn] is formed.The assumption was that if the constraints were realized by the subjects, they would not be able to producethese syllables, and would replace the syllables with phonotactically acceptable ones. However, suchassumption was not supported by the results. Experiment IV was a fanchie（反切）test in which the subjects were asked to fuse two syllables intoone using the fanchie method. Some expected syllables would become deviant if such fanchie principles arestrictly followed. Again the subjects did not have more difficulty forming these syllables than tonotactic gapsor accidental gaps. We conclude that the constraints as proposed by linguists are probably just a historical vestige and arenot realized by native speakers.
• 中文關鍵字： 台灣閩南語; 唇音限制; 聽覺實驗; 音位代換實驗; 反切實驗
• 英文關鍵字： Taiwan Min; labial constraints; perception test; phoneme substitution test; fanchie test