• 作者： 張明正
• 作者服務機構： 臺灣省家庭計畫研究所
• 中文摘要： 本研究係涉及臺灣地區婦女勞動力參與和生育力相互關係之研究，其主旨在於分析生育行?改變的本質和原因是否與 婦女參與勞動力有關。同時進一?探討生育力和社會經濟因素對婦女勞動參與力之影響。所建立之社會經濟模式涉及背景 特性、婦女參與勞動力之狀況、初婚年?、實行家庭計畫之情形、生育間隔、以及生育力等六組因素，此模式藉負相關分 析法，並配合足以代表民國六十九年度全島主要育齡婦女大樣本調?資料加以分析。 婦女生育行?之改變-遲婚，與其婚前工作經驗有關，尤其對於受雇於他人者更?顯著。顯然的，1960及1970兩年 代臺灣地區生育力之下降，部分應歸功於這項的影響。不過遲婚的婦女?與近年來年輕有偶婦女生育力之增加有關，因為 臺灣婦女甚少?間隔生育而實行避孕，較晚婚的職業婦女婚後有早點生育之傾向。故近年來，臺灣出生率稍?回升的部分 原因與此有關。另一方面，婦女勞動供給量之大小也受婦女初婚年?的影響。近年來，臺灣婦女遲婚的現象（部分是由於 婦女勞動力參與所致）確有助於婦女勞動供給量的增加，因?婦女勞動參與率婚後有大幅度的下降。 一般而言，臺灣地區有偶婦女之勞動力參與對其生育力之影響甚微。不過對某些職業婦女而言，其勞動力參與確實可 促進實行間隔生育。有偶婦女勞動力參與和生育相關甚少的原因之一，可能是遲於改變理想子女數所致，因?工作婦女之 現行避孕實行率遠比非工作者?高，顯然的，其限制生育的動機相當的?烈。 由本研究結果推斷現行臺灣經濟發展已邁向現代化國家的水準，有偶婦女勞動力參與和生育力微小的關係，可能與文 化及其他因素的影響有關，應進一?蒐集詳細的資料，尤其有關態度方面者，作深入的探討。同時，政府和民間企業團體 應提供婦女現代化的就業機會，藉以提高婦女結婚的年?，以增進婦女勞動供給量，並促進生育力進一?的下降。
• 英文摘要： This study is concerned with the interrelations between the female labor force participation and fertility in Taiwan. It attempts to analyze the nature and causes of the changes in reproductive behavior which are associated with the female labor force participation and also to examine the effect of fertility and socio-economic factors on wife's work status. A socio-economic model is developed in which six categories of variables are involved: background characteristics, female labor force participation, age at marriage, practice of family planning, birth interval, and fertility. The models are evaluated by analyzing data from a large and representative sample of Taiwanese wives of childbearing age in 1980 through the use of multiple classification analysis. The analysis results show that changes in the reproductive behavior of women in Taiwan, in form of delayed marriage, have been related to their work experience before marriage, especially those employed by others. Additionally, the size of the female labor force seems to be influenced to an important extent by the ages at which women marry and the maternal responsibilities. On the other hand, work experience after marriage has very little effect on family size goals, but acts mainly to delay childbearing within marriage for some groups of working wives. The inference drawn from the present study is that the current economic growth in Taiwan is on the path to the modern levels characteristic of the developed countries. The weak relation of female labor force participation to fertility may be due to the cultural and other influences. More in-depth information is needed for future studies, especially for more extensive attitudinal measurements. Moreover, our government and private industry sector should provide women more modern job opportunities, which we believe, will help increase the size of female labor and be favorable for further decline in fertility in Taiwan.
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