- 作者： 王瓊珠
- 作者服務機構： 臺北市立師範學院特殊教育學系
- 中文摘要： This paper reviewed 107 literacy disorders studies conducted in Taiwan from 1978 up to 2000. Most research was published after 1995. The main issues of literacy disorders studies focused on the instruction of metacognition and word recognition as well as the cognitive factors of reading. In the methodology domain, correlation and comparison were commonly used, however, qualitative and longitudinal studies were rare. Findings were concluded as follows. (1) The incidence of reading disability was not significantly different across various orthographic systems. (2) The ratios in subtypes of reading disabilities changed over time. (3) The metacognition instruction had limited impact on children's reading performance and their use of strategies. (4) The effect of word recognition instruction was significant but less powerful in transfer. (5) Normal children and reading disabled children did not differ in using reading strategies but did the quality of strategies. (6) The roles of phonological awareness and visual skills in Chinese reading were not clear yet. They probably are the markers rather the causes of reading disabilities. (7) Children with writing disabilities often made handwriting errors on characters with similar visual or phonetic cues. (8) Children with writing disabilities were inferior to normal children in the quality and complexity of composition.
- 英文摘要： 本文回顧西元1978 年至2000 年國內107 篇有關讀寫障礙研究，多數論文出版於1995 年之後。研究主題以探討後設認知教學、識字教學和與閱讀能力直接或間接相關之認知因素的研究為主。研究方法以相關、比較之量化研究最普遍，質化取向和長期的研究很少，研究方法和評量方式較趨於單一化。研究結果方面可歸納為下列幾點：(1)在出現率與亞型方面，中文閱讀障礙學童的出現率並沒有明顯少於使用其他文字系統的閱讀障礙學童；此外，閱讀障礙是個異質性很大的團體，可分成許多的亞型；障礙類型比例有隨年級增加而改變的現象。(2)在教學效益方面，後設認知或閱讀策略訓練的教學效果不必然比控制組的學生好；至於識字教學多從中文字的特色出發，成效較為顯著，但遷移效果有限。(3)在閱讀認知歷程方面，一般兒童和閱讀障礙兒童在使用閱讀策略上並無明顯不同，但在質方面則不同。(4)在認知能力方面，聲韻覺知和視知覺能力在中文閱讀所扮演的的角色並未明確，可能是一種指標性（marker ）的角色。(5)在書寫障礙研究方面，學習障礙學生寫字的錯誤類型以形似、音似（或同音）的錯誤居多，在作文的質和量方面都比一般學童差，但書寫能力仍隨年級而增長。
- 中文關鍵字： literacy disorders, reading disabilities, writing disabilities, literature review
- 英文關鍵字： 讀寫障礙、閱讀障礙、書寫障礙、文獻回顧
