• 作者： 宋威廉
• 作者服務機構： 國立成功大學外國語文學系
• 中文摘要： 長久以來社會科學與人文學的論爭，史家多半與社會科學站在同一陣線。本世紀以來，史學的科學觀或「整體」（‘total’）觀的興起，更助長歷史與藝術之間的隔閡，到了無法溝通的情境。 直迄一九七○年代中期，史學理論方起了一個重大的轉變，例如海登·懷特（Hayden White）以及其他相對論者提供了一套認識論上較適中或者「不確定」（‘indeterminant’）的史學概念。這個轉變與文學理論的發展密切關聯，意即「後結構主義」（post-structuralism）對文藝創作與文學欣賞基本概念的修正。觀念史因而探受影響，產生高度「文本化」（‘textualized’）與「故事化」（‘fictionalized’）的歷史理解。職是之故，歷史向文學與藝術做出未曾有的靠攏。乍看之下，歷史似乎變成文學理論的殖民地，然而思想史的方法與觀點亦開始進入文學理論，史學或許終究會變成更大的殖民者。由於思想史突破了科際之問的界限，居處於社會科學與人文學的十字路口，人自然而然成為二者異同的調解者。 「故事化」史學的害處因為文學理論裡邊有關「事實」（‘fact’）與「虛構」（‘fiction’）關係的顯著的改變而有所緩和，尤其是後解構（post-deconstructive）理論的出現，即作者所謂的「後現代實在論」（“postmod-ern realism”）。這個較注重文脈的後現代主義預示了一個「較新的歷史主義」（“Newer Historicism”）比它之前形式化的「新歷史主義」（New Historicism）更具有批判與歷史意識。
• 英文摘要： In the prolonged conflict between the social sciences and humanities, historians have generallysided with the social sciences. The rise of scientific or‘total’concepts of history in this centurywould seem to have widened the gap between history and the arts beyond communicability. Bythe mid-1970s, however, there was a dramatic shift in historical theory, as Hayden White andother more relativistic theorists laid a foundation for an epistemologically modest, or‘indeter-minant’historiography. This shift closely accorded with developments in literary theory, wherepoststructuralism was revamping basic concepts concerning literary production and reception.Absorbing this viewpoint, the history of ideas has been strongly affected, making for a highly‘textualized’and‘fictionalized’view of historical understanding. History, thus conceived, hasmoved closer than ever to literature and the arts. At first sight this would appear to representa‘colonization’of history by literary theory; but at the same time the methods and perspectivesof intellectual history have begun to migrate into literary theory. History may eventually turnout to be the greater colonizer. By breaching disciplinary boundaries, intellectual history has cometo reside at the crossroads of the social sciences and humanities, and has begun to effectivelymediate differences between them. The deleterious effects of a‘fictionalized’historiography aremitigated by marked changes in relationships between‘fact’and‘fiction’within literary theory-especially within the emerging post-deconstructive theory which the present author has termed“postmodern realism.”This more contextual strain of postmodernism holds the promise of a“Newer Historicism,”at the same time more critical and more historically conscious than theformalistic‘New Historicism’which preceded it.
• 中文關鍵字： historicism; history of ideas; postmodernism; relativism; realism; interdisciplinary history; scientific history; formalism; poststructuralism; deconstruction
• 英文關鍵字： --