• 作者： 黃陽仁
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學農業機械組
• 中文摘要： 本研究係根據本省目前已推廣使用之坡地果園管路噴藥機具設施之作業現況調查資料，探討
  其作業性能是否良好，應如何選定始較有利等問題，所作之一項測定比較分析報告。
  由調查分析結果顯示，鑑於農藥種類繁多價格昂貴，果園規模狹小，栽植果樹複雜，以及果
  農缺乏互助合作意願等因素，多年來政府補助設置擬行共同作業示範之噴藥設施，其中調藥池
  3～4 噸之容量顯然偏高，適當之設計標準為 600～800公升。為使噴藥作業連續進行，藥液宜
  洩入置於調藥池下坡同容量之送藥池。
  因噴藥人力缺乏，同時作業之噴頭數少，藥液之回流率高達 50～80％，噴霧效率僅為40％
  ，而以目前送藥泵及管路能量而言，今後宜改採用多噴頭半自動作業設施。
  惟目前果農為增加作業能量，以大孔徑多孔數噴頭，高於正常壓力一倍之高壓下操作，其結
  果藥液使用量高，果樹之藥液附?率低（開花期僅17.1-～24.4％），成本增加。今後宜發展半自
  動作業裝置，使用標準孔徑噴頭 （de=0.80 以內），適當作業壓力約 7 kg/cm　，使多具（約15
  具）噴頭同時作業，以降低工資及藥劑成本。
  空心渦流式噴頭之特性較適合果園使用，而灌溉及噴藥兼用之旋轉式噴頭，因耗藥量高，尚
  不宜採用。
• 英文摘要： In order to understand whether those pipe-line pest control facilities in the slopeland or-chards worked well, investigation and studywere made during the past two years. Thisreport is presented about a possibility to improvethe operating performance, and also a designcriterion by which to set new facilities in otherslopeland orchards. Some 3- to 4-ton capacity of mixing reser-voir, which was prepared for joint operationby some 10-hectare grouped orchards with theaid of the government, did not work accordingto primary expectation. The reasons could beconcluded that, (1) the lack of willingnessthrough mutual operation, (2) too many kinds ofchemical brands being circulated in the marketmaking the difficulty to unify the chemical tobe sprayed cooperatively, (3) the high cost ofagricultural chemicals, (4) miscellaneous varietyof’fruit trees being planted in a small scale oforchard, etc. For the request of individualspraying, it is recommended that the adequatecapacity of reservoir is about 600-800 liters. Tocope with the operation of continuous spraying,another reservoir of same capacity is deemednecessary, which may be placed on the downslope position of the mixing reservoir. Owing to the shortage of farm hands andthe limited number of the nozzle being usedin most investigated orchards at present, theoverflow rate of pump is as high as 50-80%,meantime, the spray efficiency is merely 40%.To improve the working, capacity of those al-ready set pipe-line facilities, it is recommendedthat the semi-automatic control equipment andmulti-spray nozzle operation be developed. In order to increase the working capacity,most of the operators at present use the over-sized orifice nozzle sprayed as high as twicethe normal delivery pressure. Consequently, thelonger sprayed liquid is required. At the sametime, the chemical adhesion ratio is quite lowwith only 17.1-24.4% at blooming period. Forthe purpose to decrease the labors required andthe cost of chemicals, using the spray nozzlewith small orifice (0.8mm diameter) and de-creasing the discharge at nozzle to optimumoperating pressure (7kg/cm ) are recommended.
• 中文關鍵字： --
• 英文關鍵字： --