• 作者： 林仁混；?如芸；賴陳欽；劉麗雲
• 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學醫學院生化科
• 中文摘要： 亞硝基化合物(N-nitroso compounds)已被認?是人類環境的重要致癌物。這類化合物可由亞硝酸鹽與食物中之胺類 反應而產生。此反應之進行受反應物之濃度、pH、溫度、接觸劑、及抑制劑等因素之控制。由最近之?究食物中之硝酸鹽 (NO3-)可由微生物還原?之作用而產生亞硝酸鹽(NO2-)。因此若食物中含有硝酸鹽，則其在加工、運輸、或貯存的過程中 有微生物的寄生就可能產生亞確酸鹽，進而?生致癌性之亞硝基化合物。 本研究針對人類腸管中經常寄生的12種微生物中就其硝酸鹽還原?的活性加以測定。結果發現大腸菌含該?之活性最高，念珠菌次之，鏈球菌與乳酸菌又次之。此?之活性與人類或動物攝取高量硝酸鹽之食物後引起中毒現象之關連曾加詳論。 由本?究顯示就食品安全的觀熙，若只分析與管制食物中之亞硝酸鹽之含量，並不足?法，因?腸管中若寄生多量之微生物 ，則其中之還原?可把食物中之硝酸鹽轉變?亞硝酸鹽。因此，各種食物中之硝酸鹽含量亦應加以重視，最好能考慮擬定其 安全標準而與亞硝酸鹽一併加以管制。
• 英文摘要： The activity of nitrate reductase in 12 strains of gastrointestinal flora was estimated. Coliforms were quite active while Candida, Saccharomyces, Streptococci and Lactobacilli strains were moderately active. Nitrate reductase was found to be higher if E. coli microbes were cultured and then incubated with substrate in dark and anaerobic conditions respectively. The possible role of microbial nitrate reductase in the formation of nitrite and carcinogenic N-nitroso compounds in gastrointestinal tract was discussed. It is concluded that the enzyme may play an important role in the reported nitrate intoxication in human and animals; and it is suggested that the contents of both nitrite and nitrate in food should be inspected and regulated by legislation.
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