- 作者: 陳成;C. O. QUALSET;E. H. STANFORD
- 中文摘要: 黑小麥得自小麥與黑麥之雜種,是人類首次創育之穀類作物。本研究利用細胞遺傳學之原理及方法,探討六元體黑小麥與小麥及黑麥屬間雜種細胞減數分裂時染色體之行為,以提供黑小麥育種之參考。從四個次級型黑小麥品系與小麥交配,及一個次級型黑小麥品系與黑麥交配之屬間雜種,調查減數分裂單價體數,遲滯染色體數,四分子細胞額餘微核頻度,花粉染色率及成熟有效花粉率(具三核)等性狀,發現有極大變異之不規則減數分裂行為,其減數分裂不規則之變異,顯係在染色體配對分離時,由於細胞中小麥及黑麥染色體組不同,其增殖時序有異所致。在黑小麥與小麥,及黑小麥與黑麥之屬間雜種花粉母細胞減數分裂之觀察,可由單價染色體或二價染色體之出現率,證實六元體種黑小麥中之部份黑麥染色體(R)被小麥D-染色體組之部份染色體所置換。
- 英文摘要: Cytological studies were conducted to determine the relationship between chromosomal behavior and fertility and to reveal the genomic constitution of triticale. Examinations of the number of univalent chromosomes, micronuclei in tetrads, pollen stainability, and percentage of trinucleate pollen showed a wide range of irregularity among four hybrids of triticaleXcommon wheat, and one hybrid of triticaleXrye. Irregularities during meiosis appeared to be related to the differences in replication time of wheat and rye chromosomes. The comparison of meiosis 6X-triticaleX6X-wheat and 6X-triticaleX2X-rye hybrids for number of univalent chromosomes suggested that some of the rye chromosomes have been replaced by D-genome wheat chromosomes in secondary triticales.
- 中文關鍵字: --
- 英文關鍵字: --