• 作者： 古宜靈；辛晚教
• 作者服務機構： Graduate Institute of Urban Planning National Chung-Hsing University Taipei Taiwan R.O.C.
• 中文摘要： This paper aims to discussing the influences of urbanization, social status and cultural identification on cultural activities in Taiwan. Based on the Theory of Structuration and the 1996 questionnaire's samples of the Taiwan National Cultural Living Perimeter Sketch Plan of Cultural Facilities Development, this paper introduced the framework of participant decision making process of cultural activities. In the study, our hypotheses are: first, the impacts of personal habitus and cultural capital are significant and affect the participant behavior of people. Second, the impact of urbanization is still significant and independent although it would be weak after the social-economic status variables were controlled. Third, the demand effect of people's participant behavior would be embedded in the real society by the interaction of people's desired, space constraint and time budget. Our findings confirm that urbanization does have impacts on participant behavior, people's demand and cultural identification while the social-economic status was controlled, and that some indicators of urbanization, social status and cultural identification do influence people's willing to pay on cultural activities. Those effects analyzed by the maximization utility function also reflected the interaction of spatial scope and cost on time aspects and activity types. The finding of cultural identification was that female is significant positive in the promotion of cultural activities more than male and sale & service worker's cultural identification and participant frequency were also needed to be strengthen. Our study also indicates obvious effects of social status and cultural identification to the demand price of willing to pay, especially, a more significant effect of urbanization that is found to be unrelated to the effects of social stratification. Since it is a complex system of cultural activities' participant behavior, our study offers a preliminary result and suggestion. It is advised that studies other than those suggested by facility construction, cultural activity supply side and interpersonal relations with them should be conducted.
• 英文摘要： 本文主要在探討台灣社會的都市化、階層化、文化認同對藝文活動參與特性和行為的影響，係以社會結構歷程理論的觀點來建構藝文活動發生的基礎和參與決策行為，並討論藝文活動實際的參與現象。研究過程中，我們假設，第一、在個人習癖和文化資本的影響，以及整個社會系統中結構因素之互動下，藝文活動的參與行為，將會受到個人主觀認知、文化意識和心理因素的驅動所影響，也就是社會階層化的作用。因此個人的參與行為可以有著獨立的階層變項、動機、認知和期待的社會意義等的關係。第二、由於台灣明顯有空間都市化和階層化差異的現象，雖然這些影響效果在社會階層因素控制下將會減弱，但是由於存在資源分配集中和次文化的現象，都市化仍然具有其獨立的影響性。第三、資源分布和地理因素的關係會影響到活動的舉辦，進而使得個人的參與行為在時間和空間中呈現一定的需求效果，在個人的興趣偏好和時空的限制因素下，這些效果將會具體地反映在現實社會。根據研究的結果，都市化確實對地區藝文活動的參與、需求和文化的認同有其獨立於社會階層化以外的顯著影響，只是在控制社會階層變項以後，影響性減弱。在活動的認知態度上，我們發現女性在藝文活動的參與和積極推動上較男性為顯著，三級行業民眾對藝文活動的認知態度和參與則有待加強。而活動偏好類型，則指出都市和其他地區的資源有待交流。至於藝文活動需求願付價格方面，我們的研究指出，社會階層和文化認知態度的差異具有相當重要的獨立影響效果。這些結果都呼應了本文的假設；而且也證實以上的分析均共同展現了都市效果。藝文活動的參與屬於複雜的系統，我們的研究提供了初步的結果與參考，但仍待對於空間場所資源建設以及藝文活動供給方面的瞭解，以進一步分析藝文活動資源的供需情形與具 體的建設方向。
• 中文關鍵字： Urbanization, Social status, Cultural identification, Cultural activity, Behaviour setting
• 英文關鍵字： 都市化，階層化，文化認同，藝文活動，環境行為