• 作者： 胡兆華
• 作者服務機構： 臺灣省立中興大學農學院
• 中文摘要： 以臺灣在來一期作水稻品種蟻公包，烏殼清油，蓬萊水稻品種嘉農242號及臺中179號為供試材料，於民國51年二期作栽培，研究X光線15, 20, 25kr及熱中子(Thermal neutron) 3, 4, 5小時處理於第二代植株的變異“並行植株高度，穗長，穗數及出穗期等性狀非Major gene變異高低兩方向植株之選拔，供今後繼續確定放射線誘發變異及人為選拔功效之研究。本文係報告上述材料於放射線處理第二代集團的變異及無處理品種本身的變異，結果摘述如下: 1.在來一期作水稻品種在二期作栽培時，調查各種性狀之變異極大(在一期作時大部分植株的變異分布尚屬芷常但隱藏有少數生長不良植株)，蓬萊品種性狀變異較集中，仍不適合數量性狀的常態分布(Normal distribution)。 2.應用Hierarchical Classification方法分析比較處理集團與無處理集團的平均值，與前人報告相似平均值尚無大變異，試驗機差則大多差異顯著。 3.放射線處理引起的遺傳變量約為無處理1～2.5倍，品種以嘉農242號變量最大，臺中179號次之。在來品種變量較少。放射線則以X光線誘燮效果較整齊，除烏殼清油以25kr誘起變量最大外，餘均以20kr效果顯著。熱中子誘變效果參差不一。 4.放射線誘數量性狀變量大小與葉綠素變異植株(苗)出現率多少有平行關係，容易誘發葉綠素變異者其遺傳變量亦大。 5.根據上述結果曾討論有關放射線供試材料的純度，遺傳變量及選拔方法等。
• 英文摘要： Two Taiwan native varieties（I-Kung-Pao. Woo-co-chin-yu）and two Ponlaivarieties（Chai-nung 242, Taichung 179）were treated with 15, 20, 25Kr of X-rays and3, 4, 5 hours of thermal neutron to investigate the plant height, panicle length, paniclenumber and heading date characters. Field experiment was to use randomized blocksdesign with three replications to have single plant per hill. The variations observedin 2nd generation after treatment are as follows： 1. Based on the mean value of treated population analysed by hierarchical clas-sification method, the experimental errors significance in near all characters, but nosignificant difference can be found in different dosage of treated and non-treated. 2. The genetic variance of treated population is larger than that of non-treated.According to the analysis of four characters, the variance induced by irradiation,Chai-nung 242 is the largest. Taichung 179 next, and native varieties are smaller.The genetic variance induced by X-rays was better than thermal neutron in thisexperiment. But different reactions are found in different varieties and characters. 3. The chlorophyll deficiency mutants found in seedling are quite parallel withgenetic variance. The rate of chlorophyll mutation could be used. is markers ofgenetic variance in quantitative characters. 4. Excepting treated materials, the variance of plant height and other charactersof non-treated population are also shown bias through normal test. This is not sur-prise that native varieties are more variable than Ponlai varieties, while the latterwere breeding up by artificial hybridization, though more than 30 generations aftercrossed but if is still theoritically not homozygous of all genes. In order to provethe variation whether they are induced by irradiation or they are heterozygosityvariation of non-treated materials, we must select the polygenic variation of the twodirections（＋，一）of different characters, and this experiment is now undertaking.
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