• 作者： 謝順景; 謝日鑫
• 作者服務機構： 臺灣省農業試驗所農藝系; 國立中興大學糧食作物所
• 中文摘要： 木研究係利用小麥畸多元體(aneuploid)檢討如何操縱染色體(chromosome manipulation)，以改良蛋白質之含量及肢基酸之組成。玆將主要試驗結果摘要如下： 以Udy氏之DBC法所分析小麥蛋白質之平均含量為15.18 ± 1.95％，較以Kjeldahl法分析所得結果14.43±1.81％稍高；但經t測驗結果，兩者之差異不顯著。二法所得蛋白質含量之相關係數高達r=0.950，表示DBC法之速簡蛋白質分析結果甚為可靠。 小麥各種畸多元體之蛋白質含量，介於12.65-21.02％之間，隨染色體組成之變化而變異很大。四染體（tetrasomic）7A及2B二系統之蛋白質含量為對照品種中國春小麥之122％及128％，表示附加7A及2B染色體後顯出基因劑量效果(gene dosage effect)。單臂二染體2B(L)之蛋白質含量為16.20％，較對照品種中國春小麥(13.9％)為高，又單臂二染體3D(L)之蛋白償含量亦較高（14.7％），而兩者之千粒重均較對照品種為大。染色體2D及2B，以黑麥(rye）染色體2R取代之置換系統（chromosome substitution lines)之蛋白質含量各為19.2％及17.9％，為對照品種之138％及129％。在2A上帶有Ae　Speltoide抗鏽病染色體斷片之品系蛋白質含量，為原來品種之134.6％。Nulli-1D，tetra IA及Nulli-5B，tetra-5D之蛋白質含量為原來品種之147％及149％。Sphaerococcum之染色體置換系統之蛋白質含量最高為21.0％，較中國春小麥增51.2％。 在另一個試驗中得知，單臂二染19 2A(S)之蛋白質含量為中國春小麥之136％及138％，離胺酸含量較對照品種增加23-34％，表示染色體2A的長臂座上，具有抑制蛋白質合成的抑制基因(inhibitor)或調節基因(regulatory gene)存在。此種基因，可能對胺基酸之合成亦有調節作用(regulatory effects)。
• 英文摘要： The present experiment deals with the nutrit-ional improvement ,of wheat through manipula-tion of chromosomes by using various aneuploidwheats. The results obtained are summarizedin the followings： 1. Protein contents was measured by Udy'sDye-Binding-Capacity (DBC) method as well asKjeldahl's method. The mean percent proteinobtained by DBC method was a little higher（15.186±1.95%）than that obtained by theKjeldahl method（14.43±1.811%). however, thedifference was statistically insignificant. Correla-tion coefficient of percent protein obtained bythe two methods was very high (r=0.950) in-dicating that the use of the quick DBC methodfor protein analysis had been quite reliable. 2. The protein content of various aneuploidsof Chinese Spring varied greatly, ranging from12.65% to 21.02%. Protein content of tetra-somics 7A and 2B was 22% and 28% higherthan that of normal Chinese Spring, suggestingthat there was a gene dosage effect due to theaddition of chromosomes 7A and 2B. 3. The protein content of ditelosomic 2A(S)was found to be 36-38/o higher than that ofChinese Spring, suggesting the existence of in-hibitory gene (or genes) on the long arm ofchromosome 2A. Since lysine content of ditel-osomic 2A(S) is also 23-34% higher than thatof the control, it was assumed that the inhibitoror regulatory gene on the long arm of 2Amay also excert its effect on the amino acidcomposition. 4. The lines with their chromosomes 2D and2B substituted by the chromosome 2R from ryeshowed very high protein content being 19.2%and 17.96,3/o respectively. 3phaeroroccum substi-tion lines was found to contain the highestprotein content (21.02%) being 51.2y, higherthan the control. The lines possesing stem rustresistance segment from Ae. speltoides in chromo-some 2A also showed high protein ocntent of18.71% which is 34.6% higher than ChineseSpring.
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