• 作者： Nevin S. Scrimshaw
• 作者服務機構： Food; Nutrition and Development Programme Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies
• 中文摘要： 不管輕微到不需臨床治療的程度，所有疾病感染都會減少營養分之攝入於體內，並增加其損失。損失包括小腸吸收的減低，大腸內的直接損失，對因感染而發生的代謝效應變化，以及發燒時之基礎代謝率提升。以這等方式，疾病不但影響蛋白質及熱量素之利用，對於其他營養素之利用亦然。疾病感染後果之臨床重要性，與個人受感染以前身體狀況，感染的性質及期間，以及個人在感染期問的膳食相關，尤其是回復期之膳食攝取情形與另一感染發生以前已否完全康復。在工業化國家裡，我們對於住院病人的營養要特別注意，因為他們常因疾病的感染與因而產生的病態，以及營養狀態的影響而衰弱。病態及死亡率會因營養不良的病人更容易受到醫院內感染而加重和增加。
• 英文摘要： All infections no matter how mild decrease nutrient intakes and increase nutrient losses even whensubclinical. The losses include decreased intestinal absorption, direct loss of nutrients in the gut, internaldiversion for metabolic responses to infection and increased BMR when fever is present. Infection influencesin this way not only protein and energy status but also that of most other nutrients. The clinical importanceof these consequences of infection depends on the prior state of the individual, the nature and durationof the infection and the diet of the individual during the infection, particularly dietary intake during theconvalescent period and whether full recovery takes place before another infection occurs. In industrializedcountries particular attention must be paid to the nutrition of hospitalized patients since they are frequentlydebilitated by their primary disease, morbidity, and their nutritional status. Morbidity and mortality areincreased by nosocomial infections to which the poorly nourished individual is more susceptible.
• 中文關鍵字： nutrition; infection; parasitic disease; nutritional status; diarrhea; respiratory disease; immune status; physical performance; cognitive performance.
• 英文關鍵字： --