• 作者： 楊國樞; 余德慧; 吳英璋
• 作者服務機構： 國立台灣大學心理學系
• 中文摘要： 本研究的主要目的，在以量化的方法區辨及認定台灣青少年的三類本土性的正常及異常行為徵候群（syndrome）－－好學生徵候群、卡阿徵候群及流氓徵候群。研究的第一步是以Shaw有關此三類台灣青少年亞文化的人類學觀察結果及其他相關資料為基礎，先行褊擬一套包含30個行為描述語句之評定量表（rating scale）的問卷，以涵蓋三類正常與異常徵候群所涉及的各種行為特徵。以此評定問卷及其他衡鑑工具施測數個青少年樣本後，先將前項工具所蒐集的評定資料加以因素分析，以區辨與認定原先所設定的各類徵候群。然後，以統計方法探討各徵候群與24種心理及行為變項的關係，後者包括與父母、家庭、教育、價值、信念、性格及違規行為有關的各種變項。所得主要結果可簡述如下：（1）因素分析抽得三個分化清楚的不同因素，其內容分別與Shaw所描述的三類徵候群（好學生、卡阿及流氓）正好對應而有高度的相似性。（2）好學生、卡阿及流氓三類徵候群與24個心理及行為變項的相關模式各有差異，好學生、卡阿及流氓三類學生（以三類徵候群上的分數界定）在24個變項上的差異模式亦各有不同。就其在其他變項上的相關模式與差異模式而言，卡阿與流氓兩類學生間及其對應徵候群間的相似性頗大，兩者又皆與好學生截然不同。（3）就其在其他變項上的相關方向與差異方向而言，好學生及其徵候群是屬於正常的一邊。卡阿與流氓兩類學生及其對應徵候群則屬於異常的一邊，且卡阿的異常性尤大於流氓。卡阿之所以較流氓更為異常，可能是因為前者對父母、師長及其他職司教化之成人的認同作用（identification）發生問題或有所不足，其對成人的認同之所以產生困難，則可能是由於卡阿追求刺激與快感的欲望特強。流氓與此不同，他們對職司教化之成人的認同可能並無困難，只是所認同的成人往往具有異常的特質。
• 英文摘要： The present study was designed primarily to formally differentiate and identify three indige-nous types of normal and delinquent youth syndromes (i.e., hao-hsueh-sheng, kha-a，and liu-mang) through a quantitative approach using Chinese adolescents in Taiwan as respondents.Based upon Shaw's (1985) ethnographic account of these three types of Chinese youth subcultureand other relevant sources, a rating list was constructed to include as many brief behavior de-scriptions as possible of all three syndromes. Rating data collected for large samples of Chineseadolescents were factor-analyzed to statistically differentiate and identify the various youth syn-dromes. The obtained syndromes were then related to a number of conceptually relevant variablesto provide comprehensive profiles on various quasi-antecedent (parental, familial, and educa-tional), concurrent (personality), and subsequent (behavioral) measures so that their nature couldbe better understood. The major findings may be summarized as follows: (1) Three clearly differ-entiated factors were extracted by factor analysis, each being in good agreement with one of thethree stylistic categories of youth as defined by Shaw (1985). (2) The three youth syndromes orgroups defined in terms of the respective syndromes were meaningfully distinguishable in termsof the separate profiles or patterns on 24 psychological and behavioral variables concerning par-ental roles, familial attachment, school detachment, values, beliefs, personality traits, anddelinquent behavior. (3) While the kha-a and liu-mang syndromes or groups were not as normalas the hao-hsueh-sheng syndrome or group, the kha-a was significantly more delinquent thanthe liu-mang.
• 中文關鍵字： Chinese youth; delinquent syndrome; indigenous type; personality trait; delinquent behavior
• 英文關鍵字： --