• 作者： --
• 中文摘要： Since the early 1990s when Phase I of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Stormwater Regulations went into effect in the United States, significant research has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of stormwater best management practices (BMPs). This type of research has proliferated since the adoption of Phase II NPDES Stormwater Regulations in 2003 since many smaller municipalities, unregulated under Phase I, are now required to have NPDES permits for stormwater discharges and face the challenges of selecting BMPs that are effective for management of non-point source (NPS) pollution and protection of receiving water quality.
  Significant progress has been made in assessing BMP effectiveness and understanding the underlying physical, chemical and biological processes that remove or transform pollutants in stormwater. Engineers now have reasonable expectations of BMP pollutant removal and effluent water quality given a targeted parameter (often total suspended solids [TSS]), anticipated BMP loading from a defined tributary area, BMP design criteria and/or other factors; however, determining the effects of multiple BMPs on the chemistry, biology and physical characteristics of receiving waters at the development- or watershed-scale is less well documented.
  This paper presents an approach to evaluating the effects of BMPs on receiving water quality by examining the expansion of the Copper Mountain Base Area in Summit County Colorado, USA. J. of Ecotechnology, 2006 (2) : pp.10-30 Technical Paper The Copper Mountain Base Area expansion project provides an example of how careful planning, implementation and monitoring of water quality protection strategies consisting of structural and non-structural BMPs can be effective at protecting receiving waters from the effects of development. Water quality and biological monitoring data were collected before, during and after construction for West Tenmile Creek, which runs through the heart of the base area expansion project. The results demonstrated that the creek has maintained excellent water quality, habitat quality and aquatic life, and that BMPs for the Copper Mountain Base Area expansion project have been effective at protecting receiving water quality.
• 英文摘要： 自1990 年代初，美國推動全國污染排放消除系統（NPDES）中有關雨水第一梯次之管制辦法以來，已經有相當多針對最佳管理措施（BMP）去污效率探討之研究。尤其從2003年第二梯次管制辦法實施後，因為人口十萬以上的城市皆列入管制範圍，而需要申請雨水排放許可證，並對非點源污染及BMP 之使用必須執行，所以自2003 年以來，全國有更多對BMP目前，經由對BMP 效率多年以來之研究成果。一般而言，對BMP 處理雨水逕流帶來污染物之機制，如物理、化學或生物性等，已有相當之瞭解，BMP 對某些指定之污染物（通常含總懸浮固體物，TSS）的去除率，以及相關之設計準則等也有甚多的文獻報導。相對而言，對於以一集水區整體為考量，區內BMP 之使用對水質改善之評估之文獻資料則甚少。本文即針對集水區內整體性BMP 之使用，對區內水質改善之效果做一探討。選擇科羅拉多州丹佛市附近之West Tenmile Creek 做一實例之研究。該流域有一銅山開發區，本研究在該開發行為前、中以及完成後作水質監測及分析，結果證明該流域在全面推動BMP 以後，對West Tenmile Creek 之水質及棲地保護有極優良的效果。
• 中文關鍵字： NPDES; Stormwater; BMPs; TSS; Water Quality Protection
• 英文關鍵字： NPDES; Stormwater; BMPs; TSS; Water Quality Protection