• 作者： 蔡文城; 王志榮
• 作者服務機構： 國立陽明醫學院微生物學科; 私立輔仁大學生物學系
• 中文摘要： 利用數種培養基調查四個都市區域（商業區、住宅區、醫院區和學校區）公用電話話筒（各八十個）之微生物總含量及主要呼吸道病原菌種類。不同位置的公用電話話筒，其微生物總含量的差異很大。其中以商業區的總含量最高，住宅區次之，其次是醫院區，含量最低的是學校區。根據區分一選擇性培養基上菌落生長情形，發現革蘭氏陽性球菌、黴菌及革蘭氏陰性桿菌的含量多寡亦是如此分佈；本研究過程中並未發現β－溶血型鏈球菌，Haemophilus infuenzae, Neisseriameningitldis, Streptococcus pneumoniae，僅分離出一次Pseudomonas aeruginosa。大部份分離出的細菌屬於葡萄球菌、酵母菌或腐生性黴菌、腸內桿菌科菌種與葡萄糖非發酵性革蘭氏陰性桿菌。革蘭氏陽性球菌中Staphylococcus aureus約占5%。進一步利用瓊脂紙錠擴散方法進行葡萄球菌的抗生素感受性試驗。發現所分離的大多數萄葡球菌（包括staphylococci及micrococci）菌株對clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline及lincomycin具抗藥性。在醫院分離的葡萄球菌，對penicillin而言，較其他三個區域所分離者具有較多的抗藥性菌株。本研究不包括肺結核桿菌、白喉桿菌、百日咳桿菌、厭氧菌及病毒之調查。
• 英文摘要： The microbial contents on each 80 publictelephone receivers located in four different urbandistricts were determined using various culturemedia. The receivers in the commercial distinctcontained the highest microbial counts (9,165CFU/receiver), followed by those in the reside-ntial district (6,115 CFU/receiver), the hospitaldistrict (1,793 CFU/receiver), and the schooldistrict (312 CFU/receiver). The distribution ofGram-positive cocci, yeasts and molds, andGram-negative bacilli found in these four distr-icts were the same. Pathogenic microorganismsmost frequently encountered in respiratory dise-ases, such as β-hemolytic streptococci, Streptoc-occus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neiss-eria meningitidis, were not found, with theexception of Pseudomonas aeruginosa beingisolated once. Microorganisms most frequentlyisolated were staphylococci, micrococci, yeastsor saprophytic fungi, members of the FamilyEnterobacteriaceae, and glucose-nonfermentingGram-negative bacilli. Staphyloccus aureus cons-tituted 5% of the isolated Gram-positive cocci.Further studies on the antibiotics sensitivity ofstaphylococcal and micrococcal isolates by disk-agar diffusion method indicated that many strainsof these organisms were resistant to clindamycin,erythromycin, penicillin, chloramphenicol, tetra-cycline, and lincomycin. Besides, the penicillin-resistant strains of these organisms from hospitaldistrict were more than those in the other threedistricts. This study did not include mycobact-eria, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bordetellapertussis, anaerobic microorganisms and viruses.
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