• 作者： 曾德賜; 陳慧璘; 李敏惠; 葉瑩
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學植物病理學系; 台灣省菸酒公賣局菸葉試驗所病蟲害系; 行政院農委會植保科
• 中文摘要： 常用的界面活性劑硫酸月桂酯鈉鹽(Sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS)對嚴重為害臺灣水稻的福壽螺(Pomacea canali-culata Lamarck)，為一有效且極具應用價值的殺螺劑(molluscicide)；水稻田中施用100 ppm SDS，可於24小時內將人工施放其中的福壽螺全數殺減，而對水稻植株之生育則未見有何不利之影響；在實際應用上SDS可與化學肥料或石灰一起施用，其對福壽螺之防除效果與官方推薦用藥-三苯醋錫相當，且在以SDS處理除滅田間存在之福壽螺後，處理區水稻之生長有明顯被促進的現象。除具殺螺作用外，SDS在以5000 ppm以上濃度噴施時，對福壽螺卵塊之孵化亦有明顯抑制效果；含1000 ppm SDS之甲硫胺酸(1mM)核黃素(26.6 μM)混合液，於用以噴灑處理由茭白筍田所收集之福壽螺卵塊時發現，在光照下，其對卵塊之孵化抑制率可達99%以上。本研究所見SDS對福壽螺之毒害作用為一立即性效果，其致死作用顯係經由體表之觸殺作用而非由於口服之毒性。其他常用之陰離子界面活性劑如直鏈烷基苯磺酸鈉(LAS)及富含皂質(Saponin)農產廢棄物如苦茶籽粕及煙草粉等之甲醇萃取物，在以低濃度處理福壽螺時，亦均與SDS同具致死效果。此些界面活性劑及含界面活性物質農產廢棄物之萃取成份，由於於自然界中可被分解，不致有殘毒為害生態環境之虞，其應用性顯較三苯醋錫為優；雖則其對福壽螺之致死作用機制尚待進一步瞭解，然由本研究之結果已可很明顯看出，SDS及其化性近似之多種界面活性劑，均應為福壽螺防除應用上相當理想之替代藥劑。
• 英文摘要： Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), #a commonly used anionic surfactant, was found to be an effectivemolluscicide which appeared to be of great potential for the control of Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck),a serious exotic plant pest of paddy rice in Taiwan. In a rice paddy, the application of 100 ppm SDS killedall artificially introduced snails within 24 hours; no observable deleterious effect on rice plants was detected.For practical purpose, SDS may be applied with routine chemical fertilizers or liming. Its effectivenessfor controlling the snails was comparable to the application of triphenyltin acetate-an officially recom-mended molluscicide for rice paddies in Taiwan. An increased growth response of rice plants was generallyobserved in the treatments in which test snails were killed by the SDS application. In addition to themolluscicidal activity, SDS at concentrations higher than 5,000 ppm were greatly inhibitory to the hatchingof P. canaliculata. Under artificial illumination conditions, a spray application of methionine (1 mM)-riboflavin (26.6 μM) mixture which contained 10,000 ppm SDS inhibited over 99% of the hatching of snailegg masses collected from a wateroat (Zizania latifolia) field. The instant toxic effect of SDS observed ontest snails suggests strongly that it was due mainly to a dermal effect rather than through oral toxicity.Although more extensive work is needed to elucidate the possible mechanism of molluscicidal activity, theaccumulated evidence indicates clearly that SDS and possibly many other surfactants are ideal alternativeagents for the control of P. canaliculata in rice paddis.
• 中文關鍵字： molluscicidal effect; paddy rice; Pomacea canaliculata; snail control; sodium dodecyl sulfate; surfactant.
• 英文關鍵字： --