• 作者： 葉俊榮
• 作者服務機構： 國立台灣大學法律學系
• 中文摘要： 隨著釋憲機能的強化，大法官會議所作成宣告法令違憲的解釋，往往更進一步對立法部門或行政機關下達期限，並明示期限屆滿後，所宣告違憲的法令失其效力。 本文將檢視司法院大法官所作附有期限的憲法解釋，並進行系統化的結構分析，以探究其在憲政秩序的形成與發展中，所表彰的意義與訊息，並從期限決策的作成程序，提出檢討意見與興革建議。 本文發現，在國民主權原則及權力分立原理之下，期限的使用空間非常寬廣；而大法官作成違憲解釋所下期限，則是權力分立動態運作中的一種重要類型。整體而言，附期限憲法解釋在台灣的實踐相當頻繁且大致能獲得權力部門的遵循，在現實的權力互動上亦扮演重要角色，其潛在功能有待進一步發揮。但因憲法解釋的內涵日益多元且繁雜，司法部門在權力分立的原理與實際下，亦有其一定的角色與機能，釋憲機關進行憲法解釋時，應從釋憲程序上尋求更寬廣的處理空間，以增加因應社會變遷的制度彈性，避免僵硬運用期限，造成憲政危機或斷傷司法威信。具體的程序改革方向則是於釋憲程序中引進當事人參與及協商機能，強化期限的決策理性。
• 英文摘要： More frequently than ever before, Council of Grand Justices imposes complliacen deadlines in con-stitutional interpretations that held laws or rules unconstitutional. This study seeks to find out the effectiveness and constitutional significance of the widespread useof compliance deadlines by the Council of Grand Justices in constitutional adjudications, looking into allthe constitutional interpretations imposing deadlines. Driven by procedural aspect of the deadline practice,this study also attempts to provide suggestions for institutional reform. This study finds (1) the function of imposing deadlines in constitutional politics is more far-reachingthan people would have imagined, among which the Judicary-imposed deadlines are especially significantin the context of check and balance among political powers. Also, (2) generally speaking, deadlines im-posed by the Council have been honorred by the political branches, but its functions need to be furtherexplored. Finally, (3) from procedural perspectives, deadlines have been imposed unilaterally as a resultof internal deliberations among Grand Justices. It thus suggests (1）judical imposition on deadlines shouldbe tailorred to the function and role of the Judiciary in the constitution, especially the seperation of powerdoctrine and function of judicial review in order to enhance the credability of the Council. Hence, (2) theCouncil should explore all procedural vehicles that would enhence decision rationanlity by admitting moreparticipation, negotiations and transparency in setting compliance deadlines.
• 中文關鍵字： 期限; 大法官會議; 違憲審查; 權力分立; 協商; 司法自制; 制度性訴訟; 單純違憲宣告; 警告性裁判
• 英文關鍵字： Deadlines; Council of Grand Justices; Seperation of Powers; Judicial Review; Negotiation;J udicial Self-restraints; institutional suits;blosse Unvereinbarkeitsfeststellung;Appellentscheidung