• 作者： Chen, Hsi-Jen; Chu, Chun-Hsien
• 中文摘要： 熱裂技術是目前石化工業產製烯烴的主要方法，而乙烯一直是石油化學工業需求量最大的基本原料，目前國內的主要來源為輕油裂解，但在天然氣產量豐富的國家，則還是以乙烷之裂解為大宗。輕油裂解工場的製程雖相當複雜，但與乙烷解工場的製程原理卻是完全一致。本文提出以乙烷為裂解進料，以年產量五萬噸之乙烯為目標，設計出一個完整的乙烷裂解工場。乙烷裂解工場主要包括裂解爐反應器、驟冷、壓縮、乾燥、冷凍與分離等程序。本研究之核心－裂解反應器，擬自行提出一套符合設計理念的數學模式，此數學模式包含三個部分：動力學、裂解爐與熱物性模式。模式中考慮乙烷裂解主要反應的動力學、管式反應器內各裂解氣成份之質量結算、反應器內的能量結算及反應器熱傳遞現象（包括裂解爐的輻射與爐管的熱傳導、熱對流）以及機械能均衡；此外，模式中亦考慮熱物性質（如裂解氣的黏度、熱傳導度與熱容）隨反應器溫度而變化，以求模式之完整性。透過此數學模式之建立，吾人可對乙烷裂解後產物的分布有合理的預測。至於反應器之後的驟冷、壓縮、乾燥、冷凍與分離等物理性的單元操作，則藉製程模擬軟體DESIGN Ⅱ做程序合成與設計。本文所提之數學模式得到反應器出口產率與商業化工場的結果相近，反應器後續之物理性單元操作經DESIGNⅡ模擬亦能達年產量五萬噸乙烯的目標。
• 英文摘要： Pyrolysis is a principal technique for production of olefins in the petrochemical industry and ethylene has been the most basic and important building block in the industry today. The main source of ethylene in Taiwan is derived from naphtha cracking; however, for those countries where natural gas is abundant, ethane has been the predominant feedstock for production of ethylene. Although the manufacturing process of naphtha cracking is very complicated, its principle is virtually identical with that of ethane cracking. In this work, a complete ethane cracking plant is designed with an ethylene throughput of 50,000 metric tons per year. The major process of the plant consists essentially of cracking, quenching, compression, dehydration, refrigeration and separation. We begin with a discussion of proposing a mathematical model describing the ethane reactor-the core of the process. The mathematical model incorporates three portions: kinetics, fire box, and thermophysics. In the model, ethane reaction kinetics, material/energy balance of cracked gas, heat transfer mechanisms such as radiation in the cracking furnace, heat conduction and convection of tube, pressure drop across the tubular reactor were all considered. Furthermore, the model also permits thermophysical properties such as viscosity, heat conductivity, and heat capacity of cracked gas to be altered as the reactor temperature varies. The downstream units after the reactor include quencher, staged compressor, dryers, refrigerator and distillation towers. Their process synthesis and design were carried out by commercial software DESIGN II. The yield of the ethane cracker simulated by the proposed mathematical model is in good agreement with plant data. In addition, the design results of the downstream unit operations by DESIGN II appear to be satisfactory.
• 中文關鍵字： 熱解; 裂解; 電腦輔助設計; 乙烷; 乙烯; 石化工業
• 英文關鍵字： Pyrolysis; Cracker; Cad; Ethane; Ethylene; Petrochemical Industry