- 作者: 陳汝勤
- 作者服務機構: 國立臺灣大學海洋研究所
- 中文摘要: 本文係討論由臺灣東部外海所採取之深海岩心及錳核之礦物及化學成份。以X光照射之結果發現石英、長石、綠泥石、高嶺石、伊利石、蒙脫石、赤鐵礦、角閃石、黑雲母、硬石膏及菱錳礦等之存在。深海沉積物之礦物成份可能與菲律賓海地區之火山活動有密切關係,由原子吸光法分析四十個標本所得之平均成份如下:Ca○ 0.197%, Mg○ 3.09%,ΣFe2 ○3 8.88% Mn○ 0.59%,Na2○ 2.04%, K2○ 2.63%, Sr 122ppm, Li 69ppm, Ni 84ppm, Cu139ppm, Co 81ppm及Cr 87ppm 。此等深海沉積物與大陸棚沉積物相比較時,前者富於Fe,Mn, Ni,Cu及 Co但缺乏 Ca 及 Sr。在深海沉積物中,Mn, Co, Cu 及 Ni 與 ΣFe2○3 之間有正比關係顯示此等元素可能被氫氧化鐵由海水中所吸取。鋰與鎂之問有正變關係,顯示鋰由於離子半徑較小可以在蒙脫石及綠泥石中取代鎂之位置。橢圓形多孔質之錳核其直徑大約為十至二十公分。由X光繞射研究發現其核心為鈣十字石。錳核中富含鐵(ΣFe2○3═16.61-23.22%),錳(Mn○2═15.87-34.26%),鎳(Ni═1500-3200ppm),銅(Cu═825-194pppm),及鈷(Co═1280-4000pm)此等錳核之形成可能由錳及其他過渡元素受到催化性之氧化而被吸附於適當之深海面上,上覆之海水及底下沉積物中錳之上移(由於物理化學梯度)均可加速錳核之成長,此等鐵錳沉積可能成為鈷、銅、鎳及錳之礦源,在洋底上數以百萬噸計的錳核在不久的將來將值得我們去開採。
- 英文摘要: The present paper presents mineralogical and chemical data on fivedeep-sea cores and manganese nodules from the eastern offshore area. Quartz,feldspar, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite, hematite, amphibole,biotite, anhydrite and rhodochrosite have been found in the X-rayanalyzed samples. The mineralogy in the pelagic clays stndied may beclosely related to the volcanic activity in the Philippine Sea area. Theaverage compositions of forty samples determined by atomic absorptionspectrophotometry are: CaΟ 0.197%, MgΟ 3.09%,ΣFe2Ο3 8.88%,MnΟ 0.59%, Na2Ο 2.04%, K2Ο 2.63%, Sr 122ppm, Li 69ppm, Ni 84ppm, Cu 139ppm,Co 81ppm and Cr 87ppm. The pelagic sediments are relatively enriched inFe, Mn, Ni, Cu and Co but depleted in Ca and Sr as compared withthe shelf sediments. Positive correlations have been found in the plotsof Mn, Co, Cu and Ni vs ΣFe2 Ο3 suggesting that these elements may bescavenged from sea water by hydrous iron oxide. Lithium varies positivelywith magnesium in the pelagic clays indicating it replaces magnesiumin montmorillonite and chlorite stuctures due to its small ionic radius. The botryoidal, porous manganese nodules commonly range from 10to 20 cm in diamater. X-ray diffraction study indicates they contain acentral nucleus of phillipsite. The nodules are enriched in iron(ΣFe2Ο3═16.61-23.22%), manganese (MnΟ2═15.87-34.26%), nickel(1500-3200ppm), copper (825-1940ppm) and cobalt (1280-4000ppm). The nodulesmay be originated by catalytic oxidation and adsorption of manganese andother transition elements upon suitable submarine surface. The manganesecan be supplied continually to the growing deposits by overlying watersand by upward diagenetic migration along physiochemical gradient wi-thin underlying sediments. The ferromanganese deposits may become a so-urce of cobalt, copper, nickel and manganese. The millions of tons of thesedeposites on the ocean floor may be worth mining in the near future.
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