• 作者： 林慶文; 陳志仁
• 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學畜牧學系
• 中文摘要： 旨在開拓毛黴屬蛋白?，以求適於嫩化食肉為目的。篩選自豆腐乳分離出之毛黴，經菌學鑑
  定，粹取其?，探討?之理化學性質及藥理學性質。?之理化學性質則與木瓜?、鳳梨?及胰?
  對照比較之。
  Ⅰ. 篩選及菌學鑑定
  篩選菌中以Mucor sp. Kwzalin　蛋白分解力最佳。經菌學鑑定結果，擬似Mucor javanicus
  Wehmer sp.（自該菌抽出之?，以下簡稱MP?）
  Ⅱ.?之理化學性質
  (1)各?經力價調整後，於pH6之牛肉粉基質，鳳梨?之作用最佳，而MP?、木瓜?及胰?
  等順次之。
  (2)於40 C，MP?及胰?之最適作用pH為9，而木瓜?為8，鳳梨?為7。
  (3)於pH6，40 C條件下，各?濃度之增加，其蛋白分解力不成比例增加。但達一定量後則
  不復增加。
  (4)於pH6，木瓜?及鳳梨?之最適作用溫度為60 C，而MP?及胰?為50 C。
  (5)半胱胺酸及氯化鈉均能促進各?之蛋白分解力，唯氯化鈉達一定量後，則有抑制現象。
  Ⅲ. 牛肉蛋白經各?處理後所產生之0.1N NaOH可溶性氮，以鳳梨?最佳，木瓜?、MP?及
  胰?次之。對膠原蛋白之消化性以鳳梨?為最佳，而MP?、木瓜?、胰?等順次之。對彈性硬蛋白
  之消化，仍以鳳梨?為最佳，木瓜?，MP?及胰?次之。
  皿. 對篩選MP?之藥理性研究
  (1床發現黃麴毒素存在。
  (2)每日飼與MP?（Omg/kg，0.lmg/kg，1.Omg/kg，5 Omg/kg）於Swiss white
  種之雄性及雌性幼鼠，經10週後，成長仍正常，而發現50mg/kg之長期投與者，有成長促進之
  現象。又經長期口投後，檢查肝機能及各臟器組織，結果均無變化。
  (3)以358mg/kg腹腔注射均正常，而以531mg/kg注射，最初呈疲弱狀態，但2小時後則
  回復原狀。又點?液於眼結膜，均無任何變化；對鼠紅血球之最少溶血濃度於37 C，1小時為
  5.Omg/ml。
  綜合以觀，MP?可安全適用於食肉之嫩化，而可取代常用之木瓜?及鳳梨?。
  4
• 英文摘要： With the object of developing Mucor Pro-teolytic enzyme to tenderize meat, moldsisolated from various Chinese soybean cheeseswere screened, the enzyme extracted andresearch into its properties and a pharmace-utical investigation were performed. After being screened the MP enzyme wasextracted from Mucor sp. kwailin, and thenresearch into its properties, a comparisonwas made with papain, bromelin and panc-reatin. 1. Screening and identifying The isolated molds were employedfor the screening test of proteolytic acti-vity. When wheat-bran was used as a med-ium, the strain Mucor sp. kwaillin showedthe highest activity. After being identifiedit was similar to Mucor javanicus WehmerSP. 2. Properties of enzymes (1)The enzymes tested for prote-olytic activity on dried-freeze beef in pH 6showed the following order of strength：bromelin＞papain＞pancreatin＞MP enzyme. (2)At 40 C the optimum pH forproteolytic actity of MP enzyme and pancr-eatin was pH 9, while papain was pH 8and bromelin was pH 7. (3)When the enzymes were kept atpH 6 and 40 C, the proteolytic activityincreased as the concentration was increasedbut the rate of increase traced out a curve,rising steeply and then levelling out. (4)At pH 6, the optimum temperaturefor proteolytic activity of MP enzyme andpancreatin was found to be 50 C, while thatof papain and bromelin was 60 C. (5) At pH 6 and 40 C, a concentr-ation of sodium chloride or cystein was alsofound to affect the proteolysis. Activityincceased in apparently direct proportionto the cystein added；but activity at firstincreased and then went into decline assodium chloride was added. 3 . The enzymes tested for proteolyticactivity on collagen showed the followingorder：bromelin＞papain＞MP enzyme＞pancreatin. 4. Pharmaceutical investigation on MPenzyme (1)No alfatoxin deteced in MP enzyme. (2)In a daily oral administration, MPenzyme did not inhibit the growth of youngrats, but actually promoted their growth.Hepatic function and the viscer warenormal. (3)Parenteral administration 1) All mice were normal, whenabdominally injected with 358mg per kgbody weight. 2) The least hemolysis of R.B.C.at 37 C in 60 min. was 5.0 mg per ml. 3) There was no change whenenzyme solution was dropped on the eyelidsand conjunctiva of mice. On the basis of the above research,MP enzyme appears to have the necessaryproteolytic activity for safe use as ameat tenderizer.
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