• 作者： 林松齡
• 作者服務機構： 東海大學社會學系
• 中文摘要： 本研究主要是以台灣地區695位配偶尚存、而且有成年兒子、媳婦、及女兒的60歲或60歲以上老人之隨機樣本來檢定所成立的一些理論假設。本文主要探討老人個人資源（經濟所得、教育程度、健康狀況、非正式社會參與等）、老人社會支持來源（老人本身、配偶、兒子、媳婦、女兒）、及老人心理適應（心理困擾程度）三者間的關聯。分析資料所用的統計方法有區辨分析、線性對數模型、迴歸分析、以及兩均數差異的檢定等。資料分析結果的三個主要發現是：（1）個人資源多的老人，其支持來源傾向於自己或配偶，而個人資源匱乏的老人，其支持來源傾向於兒子、媳婦、或女兒；（2)個人資源多的老人，其老年生活的心理適應較好；（3)若老人社會支持來源為自己或配偶，其實際支持來源與期待支持來源相同者，有較少的心理困擾。若老人社會支持來源為兒子、媳婦、或女兒，其實際支持來源與期待支持來源相同者，有較多的心理困擾。此一意外的發現如何解釋呢？一種可能的理論性解釋是：當老人支持來源為自己或配偶，其實際支持來源與期待支持來源相同者，符合「個人獨立自主」與「夫妻相互扶持」的社會價值。但當老人支持來源為兒子、媳婦、或女兒，其實際支持來源與期望支持來源相同，將與「父權權威」的社會價值矛盾。
• 英文摘要： This research was mainly designed for testing some theoretical hypotheses by a random sample con-sisted of 695 senior persons whose age were 60 or above who had spouse, son, daughter, and daughter-in-law. The main purpose of this study attempts to understand the associations among the personal resources(Economic income, level of education, physical health, and informal social participation, etc.) the sources ofsocial support (senior people themselves, spouse, son, daughter, daughter-in-law etc）and the psychologicaladjustment (psychological depression) of later life. The statistical methods which were applied for analyzingthe empirical data in the paper are Discriminant Analysis, Log-Linear Model, Regression Analysis, t-Test.Three significant findings in this research are:（1）Those senior persons who had more personal resourceswhose social support usually came from themselves or their spouse, while those who had less personalresources whose social support mostly depended on their son, daughter-in-law, or daughter, (2) The seniorpersons who had more personal resources were better adjustment in their later life. (3) The senior personswhose social support came from themselves or their spouse, would have less psychological depression if thesources of actual support and expected support were the same. While those whose social support camefrom their son, daughter-in-law, or daughter, would have more psychological depression if the sources ofactual support and expected support were the same. The explanation for those peculiar results are thatfor the former, the same sources of the actual support and the expected support are consistent with thesocietal values of the“individual independence and autonomy”and the“reciprocal support between husbandand wife.”While for the later, the same sources of the actual support and the expected support are con-tradiction with the societal value of the“patriarchal authority.”
• 中文關鍵字： 心理困擾; 社會支持; 個人資源; 期待支持來源; 實際支持來源
• 英文關鍵字： personal resources; social support;psychological depression; source of actual support; source of expected support