• 作者： 陳穎志、曾敬梅、張文華
• 作者服務機構： 1美國愛荷華大學 科學教育研究所 2國立臺灣師範大學 科學教育研究所
• 中文摘要： 教師角色類型與運用是學生論證表現的關鍵因素。本研究以SWH教學為情境，概念化支持學生進行論證的教師角色─主導者、主持人、教練和參與者，並分析三位美國教師四年的SWH教學影帶，探討教師運用這四類角色的情形及對學生論證的衝擊。首先以修改之改革式教學觀察評量表(m-RTOP)分析影帶，結果發現在教師支持、教師提問、學生意見與科學論證有明顯轉變，且四個領域間有高度相關(r = .83 ~ .96, p < .01)。接續分析教師角色與學生論證，結果顯示在四年間，教師逐漸頻繁地應用四個角色，展現出豐富性，並在不同的教學活動與教室情境中使用不同角色，展現出靈活度。同時，學生的意見增加，且更能善用論證元素。最後，本研究建議對於教師專業發展課程應以長期且有系統的方向設計。
• 英文摘要： The way a teacher uses different roles impacts on students' successful engagement in argumentative practice. This study conceptualized four critical roles for teachers -- director, moderator, coach, participant -- to support students in the construction of scientific argument, and explored the way three teachers used different roles in implementing the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach in elementary school classrooms. Research data was accumulated over 4 years through video recordings of science classes. The Modified Reformed Teacher Observation Protocol (m-RTOP) was used to analyze videotaped science lessons. Analysis of the data indicated that there was a shift in the areas of teacher support, teacher questioning, student voice, and science argument, and the correlations among the four areas are significant (r = .83 ~ .96, p < .01). Several levels of subsequent analysis were completed related to teacher role and student argumentation. Results indicate that the teachers increasingly played all four roles during the four years of the study, which is referred to as richness of teacher role, instead of only using the director role as they did in the first year. The results also show that these teachers learned to appropriately implement the roles in different activities and contexts, which is flexibility of teacher role. As teacher roles shifted, student voice increased and the elements of argument were practiced and more successfully represented. Finally, this study suggests that teacher professional development should be designed systematically and should consist of ongoing training rather than a one-time event.
• 中文關鍵字： 科學論證、教師角色、教師專業成長、啟發式科學寫作
• 英文關鍵字： Scientific Argumentation, Science Writing Heuristic (SWH), Teacher Role, Teacher Professional Development