- 作者： 周根泉; 林琚三; 莊瑞華
- 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學大氣科學系
- 中文摘要： 近地空氣層，因熱能之得失，常引致各項氣象因子之垂直變化，本研究計劃即利用現有設備，並添置少許儀器，作近地面空氣層中各項基本微氣象因子之垂直剖面研究。 全部觀測工作，係利用臺大大氣科學系之氣象觀測場，自民國64年8月25日至65年5月31日，於高36公尺及8公尺之鐵塔，分十二層次裝置溫度露點儀，溫度濕度儀及風向風速計等，以測定近地面以上10公分至35公尺間各層之溫度、露點溫度、相對濕度及風速。 就實測記錄，以各不同之天氣狀提加以分析，獲悉下列各點： （l）春季日間晴朗，夜問有霧之日，日落前，地面至35公尺間，氣溫遞減率平均達910C/l00m，尤以RR,h 0.1至0.2公尺間，可高達700.00C/l00m，待霧生成可劇降至500C/l00m。距地3.5至 28公尺間之氣溫遞減率則甚小，至於霧點之垂直變化，則並不顯著。 (2)冬季夜間靜風無雲之日，近地面有顯著之溫度逆增出現。每於日落後，0.1公尺處，1700與1800一小時間，溫度可劇降4.60C，21公尺處，則僅降1.50C。逆溫層頂約在14至28公尺間，逆溫層內逆溫愈強烈露點溫度愈均勻、逆溫層以上，露點隨高度迅速降低，其下相對濕度迅速增加，於是發生薄霧，有時貼近地面露點降低，則為有露生成之象。 (3)冬季夜間微風之日，隨風速之增滅，近地面空氣層氣溫之分布有顯著之差異，逆溫層隨之隱現，隨風速之加增，3.5至28公尺間空氣層之露點迅速上升，而靜風時，較高層之露點迅速下降。
- 英文摘要： Variations of the meteorological factors in the air layer near the groundsurface are determined by surface heat budget. Research on the vertical profile ofmicrometeorological factors for the period August 25, 1975 to May 31，1976,were conducted within the observation field of the Department of AtmosphericScience, National Taiwan University. Remote recording temperature and humiditysystem, remote recording dew point and temperature system and anemometerswere exposed on 12 different levels, to measure air temperature, dew pointtemperature, relative humidity and wind velocity near the ground. Having all data been analysed, the following are discussed: 1) The vertical variation of air temperature and dew point in a spring bright sunshine day and fog night, we found that a lapse rate of more than 910C/100m before sunset between ground level and up to about 35m, and 7000C/100m in the 0.1-0.2m layer. Then it fell fast to 500C/100m when fog formed. 2) In a calm clear winter night, an obvious inversion near the surface appeared. In an hour between 1700 and 1800 the temperature fell 4.60C fast at 0.1m, and droped 1.50C only at 21m. The top of the inversion layer was located between 14 and 28m. Above the inversion layer dew point temperature fell with height, and under that layer relative humidity rose up, where fog formed. 3) In a winter night with breeze, dew point between 3.5 and 28m rose fast with wind velocity, but it was calm, dew point at higher level fell down.
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