• 作者： 李國欽; 陳朝月
• 作者服務機構： 臺灣植物保護中心
• 中文摘要： 測定十一種水稻田使用農藥對魚之急毒性，發現若以魚對各種農藥在水中之 Medium Toler-ance Limit（TLm）來比較，供試農藥對大肚魚（Gumbusia patruelis）之毒性有下述之順序：Phenthoate＞Endosulfan＞Carbaryl＞Nitrofen＞Benthiocarb＞Diazinon＞Cyanofenphos＞Butachlor＞Oxadiazon＞Alachlor＞BPMC；而對吳郭魚（Tilapia sp.）之毒性則有下述之順序：Endosulfan＞phenthoate＞Butachlor＞Nitrofen＞Cyanofenphos＞Oxadiazon＞Diazinon＞Benthiocarb＞BPMC＞Carbaryl＞Alachlor。 根據此十一種農藥對魚之 TLm 可推算此十一種農藥在水中之安全含量。也可利用此十一種農藥之 TLm 值，以及對各種農藥在現行使用方法下所造成之最高殘留量，而訂定各農藥使用後之危險度，根據危險度來看 Endosulfan 及 Phenthoate 不宜使用；Nitrofen, Benthiocarb 及Butachlor 使用之濃度應限制於現行推廣之濃度；Diazinon, BPMC, Cyanofenphos, Carbaryl 及Oxadiazon 則係安全。 大肚魚及吳郭魚對農藥之反應相關關係極為接近，因此大肚魚似可代替吳郭魚作為農藥急毒性之試驗材料。 農藥原體製成成品後，其對魚類之急毒性改變甚鉅，研究農藥對魚之急毒性時，應同時考慮農藥及其成品。
• 英文摘要： Study on the acute fish toxicities of 11commonly used pesticides showed that based onthe Medium Tolerance Limit (TLm) of pesticidesto the mosquitofish (Gumbusia patruelis), thetoxicities of pesticides were in the decendingorder: Phenthoate＞Endosulfan＞Carbaryl＞Nitrofen＞Benthiocarb＞Diazinon＞Cyanofen-phos＞Butachlor＞Oxadiazon＞Alachlor＞BPMC.To the Tilapia sp., the toxicities of pesticideswere in the decending order: Endosulfan＞Phenthoate＞Butachlor＞Nitrofen＞Cyanofen-phos＞Oxadiazon＞Diazinon＞Benthiocarb＞BPMC＞Carbaryl＞Alachlor. Based on the TLm value of the pesticidestested, it was possible to estimate the safetylevels of pesticides in the field water. By com-paring the TLm value with the maximum re-sidue levels of pesticides in field water arrivedat by the common application method recom-mended by the government, it was possible tocalculate a danger level of the particular applica-tion method in term of fish toxicity. By em-ploying this new rating method it was concludedthat Endosulfan and Phenthoate were not suita-ble for use in the paddy field; the field applieddosage of Benthiocarb and Butachlor shouldbe restricted to the dosages recommended by thegovernment, while the field applied dosageof Diazinon, BPMC, Cyanofenphos, Carbaryl,Oxadiazon were considered safe. The responses of mosquitofish and Tilapiasp. to the pesticides were very well correlated,it seems reasonable to use mosquitofish insteadof Tilapia sp. for further fish toxicity studies. Differences in acute fish toxicity betweenthe commercial products and technical gradesof similiar pesticides were found. It was there-fore suggested that the commerical product andtechnical grade pesticides should be studied atthe same time when evaluating fish toxicity toa pesticide.
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