- 作者: 劉翠溶
- 作者服務機構: 中央研究院美國文化研究所
- 中文摘要: 在漢水流域一帶,雖然米和小麥是糧食生產的大宗,在十九世紀以前,玉米和洋芋已在山區推廣種植。在十九世紀當中,大約有二分之一的漢水流域人口是賴玉米及洋芋維持生活。本文考察有關漢水流域糧食貿易之資料,目的有二:第一、釐清現有資料之可靠性及用處;第二、從這些可用的資料來了解十九世紀漢水流域糧食供應的情形。 綜合言之,本文之發現有三點:(一)在收成正常的年份,漢水流域的米不但在各生產米的縣境內銷售,而且藉著水運的便利,長程運銷。沿著漢水銷售的米大約占產量的百分之十。(二)湖北地區的小麥銷售量佔產量的比率遠較米為低,大約只有百分之二。河南唐白河一帶所產的小麥,則約有百分之五輸出。(三)有關玉米和洋芋的產量與運銷,因缺乏統計數字而無法估計。但是,這兩種糧食很可能都就近在山區消費。
- 英文摘要: In the Han River area, although rice and wheat were staple food crops, maize and pota-toes were already widely grown on hilly lands by the nineteenth century. During thenineteenth century, probably about half of the population in the Han River area relied onmaize and potatoes for their sustenance. This survey of data on the grain trade may servetwo purposes: first, to clarify the limitations of available information; second, to help usunderstand the conditions of food supply in the Han River area during the nineteenthcentury. The findings are as follows: (1) During normal years, rice produced from the Han Rivervalley was not only marketed within a district where it was grown but was put into long-distance trade using water transportation facilities. The rice marketed along the Han Riverwas as much as 10% of the total output in the 1900's. (2) The percentage of wheat outputthat was marketed was smaller than that of rice as far as Hupeh was concerned. It was onlyabout 2% of the total wheat output. Among the wheat produced in the T'ang-pai ho valleyin Honan, about 5% was exported annually. (3) There are no statistics about output and tradeof maize and potatoes available for the nineteenth century. However, it seems likely thatthese crops were mostly consumed around the mountainous areas where they were produced.
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