• 作者： 曾富生; 胡澤寬
• 作者服務機構： 國立中興大學農學院農藝系
• 中文摘要： 利用 5 個長節間型與 7 個短節間型品種，於三種栽培密度（45×20cm, 45×l0cm, 45x5cm）及三種氮肥施用量（0,60, 120kg/ha）下，探討大豆各節節間長、著莢數、株高及產量構成性狀之反應，及其相互間之關係，結果如下： 1.兩型品種之各節節間長，除了下部節位在秋作無顯著差異外，均隨密度增加而增長。至於各節著莢數在春作均隨密度增加而減少，但在秋作則無顯著差異。另產量、百粒重、粒數及分枝莢數等除短節間型之百粒重外，均因密植而減少。 2.在春作兩型品種之各節間長均隨氮肥增施而增長，但在秋作則無差異存在，短節間型之下部節間長且有縮短之傾向。至於著莢數在春秋作均不受氮肥之影響。而產量、百粒重及分枝數等在春作無差異，而在秋作則隨氮肥增施而增加。 3.長節間型各節間長以中位節較長，而上下節位較短，短節間型各節間長則較類似，至於著莢數則均以中位節較多。 4.各性狀之表現型相關因栽培季節、密度及氮肥量之不同而異。各節間長與著莢數間一般均無顯著相關。長節間型之中位節及短節間型之中下位節節間長與株高呈正相關關係。著莢數與粒數及產量間之關係僅短節間型之下部節位於春作時呈正相關，一般而言均不明顯。長節間型之分枝節位平均節間長在中、密植及無氮肥下與分枝數及分枝莢數呈負相關，但在短節間型品種則無。 5.根據上述結果討論短節間基因型之利用性。
• 英文摘要： To estimate the environmentaleffects on character expression in soy-beans, five long-internode and sevenshort-internode varieties were tested inthe spring and fall crop seasons atTaichung, with three planting densities(45×20cm, 45xl0cm, and 45x5cm)and three levels of nitrogenousfertilizers (0, 60, and 120 kg/ha).The plants were recorded with respectto internode length (cm) on the mainstem, mean pod number per node, seedyield (g/plant), 100-seed weight (100seeds, g), and pod number per plant. The data showed that the charactervalues differed significantly amongvarieties. According to cutural condi-tions, the genotype-environment inter-actions were significant to all charactersexcept for internode length. The in-ternode length increased with plantingdensity except in fall crop. Pod numberper node decreased with plantingdensity although this trend was non-significant in the fall season. Seedyield per plant, 100-seed weight, seednumber per plant, and pod numberper branch reduced as the plantingdensity increased. In the spring season, internodelength enhanced as the level of nitrogenapplication increased, but in the fallseason, it was not affected by thenitrogen level in long-internode typesand tended to decrease in short-inter-node types. In both types of soybeansthe number of pods per node did notdiffer according to nitrogen doses.Seed yield, 100-seed weight and podnumber per branch also has no signi-ficant difference due to nitrogen levelsin spring but in fall these valuesincreased with nitrogen increased. In long-internode types, the longestinternode was in the middle of mainstem, and the length gradually decreasedup一and downwards. In short-internodetypes, however, no such trend wasobserved. The number of pods per nodealso showed a similar trend of varia-tion of internode length. The phenotypic correlations amonginternode length, pod number per node　and yield-components differed accordingto planting seasons, densitles, andnitrogen levels. In general, internodelength and pod number per node didnot correlate closely in both types.plant height were positively correlatedwith the length of lower internodes.At a high planting density or with nonitrogen application, internode lengthfor branching nodes was negativelycorrelated with the number of branchesand pod number per branch. Results obtained in this researchseem to indicate that soybean breedingwould be aimed at short-internodes.
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