• 作者： Yoshiko Iwai, Junzo Hamanishi, Kenji Chamoto and Tasuku Honjo
• 作者服務機構： 1.Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan 2.Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
• 中文摘要：
• 英文摘要：
  Immunotherapy has recently emerged as the fourth pillar of cancer treatment, joining surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. While early immunotherapies focused on accelerating T-cell activity, current immune-checkpoint inhibitors take the brakes off the anti-tumor immune responses. Successful clinical trials with PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and other immune-checkpoint inhibitors have opened new avenues in cancer immunology. However, the failure of a large subset of cancer patients to respo
• 中文關鍵字：
• 英文關鍵字： PD-1, PD-L1, Cancer immunotherapy, Immune checkpoint