• 作者： 謝小芩
• 作者服務機構： 國立清華大學通識教育中心
• 中文摘要： 本研究以二所台北市國民中學學生795位民國74年應屆畢業生的樣本資料，從升學過程的脈絡中，探討男女教育機會分配的情形。台灣的升學競爭，包含了Levin所指出「教育機會均等」概念中的「就學機會」和「學業成就」兩層意義，而「學業成就」又與「教育過程的參與」有密切關係，故本研究乃探討男女國中生在這三方面的異同。 研究發現，多年來公立高中的男生錄取名額和錄取率皆高於女生，顯示男生就讀聲望和品質皆較高的學校的機會比女生多。樣本中女生的公立高中投考率高於男生，表示前者的升學抱負至少不低於男生。然而，雖然男女的平均智力水準並無顯著差異，男生的平均學業成就在國中三年裡有後來居上的趨勢，其公立高中聯考成績更超越女生；其中除了數學與自然科外，男生在社會科的成績優勢特別引人注意。這種現象，顯示國中三年教育過程可能較不利於女生。能力分班別和第六學期成績都是影響男女投考行為和聯考表現的重要因素，而背景因素（父親的教育程度）則只對女生具有純淨而顯著的影響。 文中討論了社會價值與教育措施對女生在受教育過程和學業成就等方面的影響，並建議值得進一步探討的研究課題。
• 英文摘要： This study investigates differences in educational opportunity in the admission of maleversus female junior high school graduates into senior high school. A highly stratified school system, traditional emphasis on education, and a modern concernwith academic credentials have resulted in severe educational competition in Taiwan. Publicsenior high schools are the most prestigious type of high school in Taiwan, and high schoolcompetition is most intense. Educational advancement to public high school is made througha unified entrance examination. The exam is popularly assumed to be“open”and“fair,”andthereby safe-guards the equal distribution of educational opportunity. However, the validityof the entrance exam being "open”and“fair”has yet to be subjected to empirical scrutiny. Three aspects of Levin's analysis of the concept of equal educational opportunity are relevantfor evaluating the equality of educational advancement in Taiwan: (1) equal access to theeducational system; (2) equal participation in the educational process; and (3) equal educationalresults. Research results show that for many years a greater number of male students than femalestudents have gained admission into public senior high schools. This indicates an unequalaccess to post-compulsory educational placement that favors males. In addition to a quotasystem which disproportionately favors male students, and despite the fact that more femalestudents take the entrance exam, female students score lower as a group than male students.An analysis of a 1985 sample of 795 graduates of two Taipei junior high schools shows thatfemale academic performance was as good as, if not better than, males for the first year ofjunior high school, but that afterwards female academic performance steadily fell behind thatof males. Results suggest that female educational aspirations at this stage remain at least ashigh as those for males, but the junior high school educational system and the evaluationprocess may be operating much more in the interest of males than females.
• 中文關鍵字： 性別; 教育機會均等; 教育參與; 就學機會; 學業成就
• 英文關鍵字： --