• 作者： 任晃蓀
• 作者服務機構： 美國密蘇里大學生物系
• 中文摘要： 用長常頻-調頻超聲波從事回音定位的鬍鬚蝙蝠具有一種獨特的與聲音有關的杜普勒頻率偏差補償行為。易言之，即此蝙蝠在捕捉可食昆蟲時，能依其本身與被捕者之間的相對速度恰到好處地調整由其本身所發出超聲波中長常頻部份的頻率，因而得以準確地補償因正杜普勒效應在回音中所產生的頻率偏差。本文先就此鬍鬚蝙蝠在躲避障礙物時的杜普勒頒率偏差補償行為的觀察做一介紹，然後對此蝙蝠聽覺系統對有效接受及精確處理由其本身所發出的方向定位信號及回音的頻率的特化性加以敘述；最後乃對此蝙蝠杜普勒頻率偏差補償行為的神經生理基礎加以討論。
• 英文摘要： The mustache bat, Pteronotus parnellii, which uses long constant frequency-frequency modulated(CF-FM) ultrasonic signals for echolocation, possesses a unique acoustic behavior called Doppler-shiftcompensation. That is, during hunting this bat can appropriately adjust the frequency of the CF componentof its emitted signals according to the relative velocity between the bat and the prey and thus accuratelycompensates for the positively Doppler-shifted echoes. This review paper first describes the study on theDoppler-shifted compensation behavior of the mustache bat during avoidance of obstacles. It then presentsneurophysiological data which show the specialization of the auditory system of this bat for effective re-ception and fine frequency analysis of species-specific orientation signals and echoes. Finally, the neuralbasis of the Doppler-shifted compensation behavior is discussed.
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