第6卷‧第2期,
198204
, pp. 165-172
子女為劣等財貨嗎?-主觀相對收入與生育態度及行為
- 作者:
楊志良
- 作者服務機構:
臺灣大學醫學院公共衛生學科
- 中文摘要:
本研究之目的在檢討?何生育行?經濟理論上的一個概念-相對收入-未能有效的解釋個人之間生育態度及行為的差異。同時提一個有關經濟行?的社會心理因素-主觀相對收入,以解釋及預測生育行?。 本研究樣本?115對(230名)經過配對的丈夫。配對的因素?丈夫的年齡、?育程度、籍貫及居住地。上述四個配對 因素在?一對丈夫的妻子之間也完全相同。而且,全部樣本均最少有一次生育經驗。 主觀相對收入的指標有三個:(1)實際收入除以理想收入(2)實際收入除以同代人的收入(3)實際收入除以同背景人的收入 。三種做?分母的收入期望?均?受訪問者自己主觀的報告?。同時,收入除以家庭開支亦納入本研究中?自變數之一, 它可視?'客觀的'相對收入。在控制各項社會及人口因素以後,結果發現主觀相對收入是能?顯著的解釋生育態度及行 ?,但其關係似乎顯示子女?劣等財貨-相對收入愈高,期望子女數愈少,愈贊同及實際實施節育方法。
- 英文摘要:
The main purpose of this research is to examine how a major concept in economic theory of fertility, 'relative income', has failed so far in explaining fertility differentials at the individual level, and to propose an economic related social-psychological variable-subjective relative income (SRI) - for predicting fertility attitudes and behavior. The sample is 115 pairs of husbands and wives whose age, education, domicile of origin, and living place are all the same. All of the couples have at least born a child. Three indices of SRI are created: 1) (Actual) Income divided by reasonable income reported by a respondent. 2) Income divided by the income of his generation reported by a respondent. 3) Income divided by the income estimated by the respondent for people with background similar to the respondent. In addition, income divided by family expenditure is also incorporated in the analysis as an index of 'objective' relative income. After controlling various socio-demographic factors, the results indicate that SRI can significantly explain fertility norms and behavior. However, the direction of relationship between SRI and fertility seems to suggest that children are inferior goods-the higher the relative income, the fewer children desired and are more likely to approve and to adopt family planning.
- 中文關鍵字:
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- 英文關鍵字:
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