- 作者: Hsiang-Cheng Chi, Chung-Ying Tsai, Ming-Ming Tsai, Chau-Ting Yeh and Kwang-Huei Lin
- 作者服務機構: 1.Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung University/Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan 2.Kidney Research Center and Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan 3.Department of Nursing, Chang-Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333 4.Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan, 613 5.Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan, Taiwan 6.Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 333 7.Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1 Road, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China 8.Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology , Taoyuan, Taiwan
- 中文摘要:
- 英文摘要:
The liver is controlled by several metabolic hormones, including thyroid hormone, and characteristically displays high lysosomal activity as well as metabolic stress-triggered autophagy, which is stringently regulated by the levels of hormones and metabolites. Hepatic autophagy provides energy through catabolism of glucose, amino acids and free fatty acids for starved cells, facilitating the generation of new macromolecules and maintenance of the quantity and quality of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria. Dysregulation of autophagy and defective mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to hepatocyte injury and liver-related diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer.
Thyroid hormones (TH) mediate several critical physiological processes including organ development, cell differentiation, metabolism and cell growth and maintenance. Accumulating evidence has revealed dysregulation of cellular TH activity as the underlying cause of several liver-related diseases, including alcoholic or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver cancer. Data from epidemiologic, animal and clinical studies collectively support preventive functions of THs in liver-related diseases, highlighting the therapeutic potential of TH analogs. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms and downstream targets of TH should thus facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for a number of major public health issues.
Here, we have reviewed recent studies focusing on the involvement of THs in hepatic homeostasis through induction of autophagy and their implications in liver-related diseases. Additionally, the potential underlying molecular pathways and therapeutic applications of THs in NAFLD and HCC are discussed. - 中文關鍵字:
- 英文關鍵字: Thyroid hormone, Thyroid hormone receptor, Autophagy, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma