- 作者: Szu-Ju Chen & Chin-Hsien Lin
- 作者服務機構: 1.Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital Bei-Hu Branch, Taipei, Taiwan 2.Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100, Taiwan 3.Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 4.Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- 中文摘要:
- 英文摘要:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease attributed to the synergistic efects
of genetic risk and environmental stimuli. Although PD is characterized by motor dysfunction resulting from intra‑
neuronal alpha-synuclein accumulations, termed Lewy bodies, and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the
substantia nigra, multiple systems are involved in the disease process, resulting in heterogenous clinical presentation
and progression. Genetic predisposition to PD regarding aberrant immune responses, abnormal protein aggregation,
autophagolysosomal impairment, and mitochondrial dysfunction leads to vulnerable neurons that are sensitive to
environmental triggers and, together, result in neuronal degeneration. Neuropathology studies have shown that, at
least in some patients, Lewy bodies start from the enteric nervous system and then spread to the central dopamin‑
ergic neurons through the gut–brain axis, suggesting the contribution of an altered gut microenvironment in the
pathogenesis of PD. A plethora of evidence has revealed diferent gut microbiomes and gut metabolites in patients
with PD compared to unafected controls. Chronic gut infammation and impaired intestinal barrier integrity have
been observed in human PD patients and mouse models of PD. These observations led to the hypothesis that an
altered gut microenvironment is a potential trigger of the PD process in a genetically susceptible host. In this review,
we will discuss the complex interplay between genetic factors and gut microenvironmental changes contributing to
PD pathogenesis - 中文關鍵字:
- 英文關鍵字: Parkinson’s disease, Gut microenvironment, Gastrointestinal infammation, Impaired intestinal barrier, Gut microbiota, Gut–brain axis