• 作者： 金魏漢馨；陳正宗；徐劉瓊安
• 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學動物學系
• 中文摘要： 近十年來，由於?染問題之日趨嚴重，尤其是重金屬更是扮演?極重要的角色，故數年來吾人致力於各種重金屬對於雞 胚發育影響之?究，以期比較研究並探其中毒之作用機構。 本實驗乃利用431個受過精之來亨?蛋以從事鎘與鉛對?胚崎形發育影響之?究，其方法?先將蛋孵化四天後，再由 氣室分別注射已消毒過之0.015， 0.030， 0.045， 0.060， 0.12， 0.24毫克醋酸鎘/蛋。於孵化之第19天，將蛋破殼取出?胚，觀 察其外形、死亡率、畸形率、內?器官以及心電圖之變化情形，並採其血液以供血紅素含量與血漿δ-胺基-4-酮戊酸脫水? (Plasma δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase; ALAD)活性之測定。由實驗結果顯示出醋酸鎘之半致死量約?0.045毫克。 雖然胚胎畸形可發生於0.015， 0.0.45 ，以及0.060毫克之處理組，不過在存活?胚中之畸形發生率最高之劑量?是0.030毫克 (崎形率約?30.9%)。而發生崎形之各器官主要?肝(58%)心血管系，水腫，但四肢之畸形變化則很少發生；至於血漿 δ-胺基-4-酮戊酸脫水?活性之抑制作用研究，吾人發現醋酸鉛的抑制作用較醋酸鎘大，但鎘與鉛對於血紅素含量之影響以 及心電圖之變化，則無顯著性差異。
• 英文摘要： During the last ten years because of the severity of the problem of pollution and the part that heavy metals play in it we have been doing research on the effects of some heavy metals on chick embryogenesis in order to get a comparative study and to elucidate their mechanisms of action. Experiments were performed using 431 fertilized white Leghorn eggs to study the effect of cadmium on chick embryogenesis. Cadmium acetate at 0.015, 0.030, 0.045, 0.060, 0.12 or 0.24 mg/egg and lead acetate at 0.02, 0.04 or 0.075 mg/egg was injected in ovo on the fourth day of incubation. The embryos were taken out on the 19th day and examined for gross defects. Electrocardiograms were recorded on some embryos. Hemoglobin determinations were done on others. The changes in plasma δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydrase (ALAD) of the embryos due to cadmium and lead acetate were also determined. It was found that the LD50 of cadmium acetate was close to 0.045 mg. The highest incidence of abnormality, 30.9 percent of the surviving embryos, appeared in the 0.030 mg group although malformed embryos were also found in the 0.015, 0.045 and 0.060 mg groups. The most common malformations occurred in the liver (58%) and the cardiovascular system, with edema totalling over 90%. Lesser abnormalities were observed in the limbs. Lead acetate affected ALAD more than cadmium acetate. There was no significant difference on hemoglobin concentration or EKG between the distilled water control and either the cadmium or lead treated groups. Thus, embryolethality, embryotoxicity, congenital abnormalities and changes in ALAD were all observed in the cadmium-treated chick embryos although lead acetate seemed to inhibit the ALAD activity more effectively than cadmium acetate.
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