• 作者： 詹國連
• 作者服務機構： 臺灣省農業試驗所
• 中文摘要： N69-2774 是新近發現的一個完全雄性不稔的大豆突變品系，其天然雜交率高達 98%，給大豆育種上帶來了新方向。該品系內之雄不稔植株（♀）×五個正常栽培品種（♂）之植株，均屬正常；其有明顯雜種優勢的性狀為分枝數（125-133），一粒莢數（114-200），三粒莢數（116-383），單株粒數（106-179）；無雜種優勢者為株高（69-87)。五個雜種集團行成2（有分離之行）：1（無分離行）之比率。有分離行（系）內，正常株與不稔株成3：1 之比。故該雄不稔性狀係受單對隱性遺傳因子之支配，其能轉移與維持毫無困難。利用雄性不稔植株為母本進行雜交時，只須夾去花冠便可立刻授粉，其雜交成功率達 63%，合于實用。不夾去花冠直接塗粉之雜交成功率只有 6-15%，有待改進。藉紗網內放飼蜜蜂以傳播花粉之雜交成功率僅及 1.4%不合實用，因之利用該雄不稔株配合夾去花冠立即授粉，將成為今日大豆雜交育種及試驗研究上之一有利工具。
• 英文摘要： It is the purpose to find out the way oftransmitting male-sterility character fromthe M. S. maintaner, N69-2774, to somedesired cultivated varieties, so as to evaluatesome new M. S. lines. Efforts also made tofind out how to use this character in makingcrosses. Results are as follows: 1. Five commercial varieties were cros-sed as male parents, with sterile plants (asfemale) segregated from the maintainer lineN69-2774 in May 1973 41 hybrid seedswere evaluated as in July 1973. All theplants showed normal except one bore anone-seeded pod, and one without any pods·Hybrid vigour were found in four yield com-ponent characters, namely, no. of branches(125-133), no. of one-seeded pods (114-200), no. of three-seeded pods (116-383),and no· of seeds per plant (100-179). Nohybrid vigour was found in plant height (69-87). 2. Of the 89 progeny rows from fivecombinations, 54 segregated and 35 non-seg-regated for male-sterility plants, fitting to a 2:1ratio. The rate of normal and plants in eachof the 54 segregating families, as well asthe pooled values, indicated a close fit to a3:1 ratio with homogenety among families.It is support the hypothesis that male-steri-lity is associated with homozygous conditionof a single recessive gene 3. There is a striking difference of seedset on the sterile plants. Percent plants withno seeds on the sterile plants ranging from83.3% (the highest) to 39.1% (the low-est), indicating the genes for sterility maybe different in different crosses. 4. Experiement showed that the corollais grasped with the forcepts and removedwith a slow pull, and then pollinating imme-diately, having higher successful crossingpercentage (about 63%). Successful cross-ing percentage is low (ranged from 15.5%-6.2%) if just dusting the pollen grains onthe flowers of sterile plants at differentflowering stages, without pull out the corol-las. There is no increment of successfulcrossing percentage by feeding honey bees wi-thin cages (100 bees/cage in this experi-ment), comparing with check treatments (nohoney bees). Yet, the use of male-sterilitycharacter as female parents in making cros-ses to get more hybrid seeds and to makemore cross combinations are still encourag-ed and will be an important tool in soybeanbreeding and research programs. The research was supported by grant from the National Science Council. Soybean Breeder (Assoc.), Taiwan Agri- cultural Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
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