• 作者： 陸洛
• 作者服務機構： 高雄醫學院行為科學研究所
• 中文摘要： 本文從「幸福」的內涵定義及理論回顧著手，引進東西方文化的對談，輔以質性研究的訪談資料，勾勒出中國人幸福感的初步樣貌；並據此編制一份本土的「中國人幸福感量表」以為測量工具。同時，綜合已有的文獻和實徵資料，嘗試提出一個幸福感的整合性概念架構，以一個大型社區調查研究嘗試部分驗證此一架構。 本研究針對概念架構中五個主要成分中的四項加以操作化定義並進行測量。所測量的變項包含(1)人口學變項，包含：年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、教育及收入。(2)環境事件，包含正負向生活事件及其衝擊程度。(3)個人資源及限制，包含外向人格、神經質人格、內控、社會期待以及社會支持。(4)幸福感，包含正向情緒、（缺乏）負向情緒以及生活滿意。本研究也試圖進一步檢視「中國人幸福感量表」的信度與效度。 本研究之抽樣方法採取多階段系統隨機抽樣法，共抽600位年齡18歲至65歲，居住於高雄市區的成人作為訪視的對象。其中，共有494位成功完成家庭訪視並完整填答問卷。 在結果分析中，首先進行描述性統計及相關分析，並檢驗族群問的差異（如性別與年齡）。在信度與效度的檢驗上，證實了「中國人幸福感量表」具有良好的信度與效度。此外，研究者成功地利用線性結構模式(LISREL 7)驗證幸福感的概念架構。在最後的結構模式中，社會支持扮演一個強有力的中介因素。另外，兩個人口學變項，年齡與性別，以及外向人格，會透過社會支持對幸福感產生間接影響。而神經質人格與內控，則對幸福感產生直接的影響。 本文最後在中國文化以及如何追求幸福感的脈絡下對實徵資料進行更深入的討論。
• 英文摘要： This paper set out to explore the meaning and definition of happiness, and to critically review its relatedtheories and teachings, with the aim of facilitating dialogues between the Western and Eastern cultures.Embedded in the cultural context, and grounded in rich qualitative interview data, a sketch of the Chinesehappiness phenomenon emerged, hence, a quantitative measurement was devised. Integrating the existingliterature and empirical evidence in the area of subjective well-being, a tentative comprehensive model wasproposed. A large-scale community survey was then conducted to partially evaluate this integrative model ofhappiness. Four out of five major components of the model were operationalized and measured. They were (1)personal demographic characteristics, including age, gender, marital status, education and income; (2) environ-mental events, including positive and negative life events; (3) personal resources and limitations, includingextraversion, neuroticism, internal control, social desirability, and social support; and finally (4) happiness,including positive affect, lack of negative affect, and life satisfaction. The present study was also intended tofurther test the psychometrical properties of The Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI). Using multi-stage systematic random sampling techniques, 600 adults aged between 18-65 years living inKaohsiung city were invited to participate in the study. Among them, 494 were successfully home-interviewedand returned completed questionnaires. Sample descriptive and correlation analyses were first carried out, and possible differences betweenvarious groups (e.g. gender and age) were examined too. Psychometrical analyses revealed good reliability andvalidity of the CHI. Perhaps the most interesting and strong result came from multivariate analyses using linearstructural equation modeling techniques (LISREL 7), intending to fit empirical data to the proposed thereticalmodel. One empirical model came out to be the most parsimonious and effective, with good indices of fittingand small residuals. In this final model, social support played an crucial role as a mediator, which bore thestrongest association with happiness. Two demographic characteristics, age and gender, had indirect effects onhappiness, through social support, so did one personality trait--extraversion. On the other hand, the other twopersonality traits, neuroticism and internal control, had direct effects on happiness. These results and others were discussed in the contexts of the Chinese conceptualizations and pursuitsof happiness in life.
• 中文關鍵字： 人格特質; 生活事件; 生活滿意; 快樂; 幸福感
• 英文關鍵字： happiness; joy; life events; life satisfaction; personality traits