- 作者： 易任
- 作者服務機構： 國立臺灣大學農業工程學系
- 中文摘要： This study describes the principles and properties of unit hydrograph (TUH)and instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH), especially the multiple applications ofIUH to hydrologic system analysis and the system definitions and notations. For natural watersheds, the surface runoff system relating direct surface runoff(output) to rainfall excess (input) is regardedorder nonlinear generations of the convolutionbetween input and output to the system canwhich is a sum of generalized convolutionhydrologic system analysis. Adopting the firstorder model comprising of a linear subsystem. as being nonlinear involving highintegral. The nonlinear relationshipbe described by’ a Volterra series,integrals and forms the basis for term of the series defines a first Adopting the first two terms of theseries defines a second order model comprising a second order subsystem, and so on.The properties of the first order kernal of series are found to be identical to thoseof the IUH. When applied to hydrologic systems, the functional series representation is anonlinear generation of the unity hydrograph concepts, and leads to the determinationof the linear and nonlinear response function of the watershed from a known recordof rainfall and its corresponding runoff. These response functions can be used toreconstruct the runoff for periods during which a long record of rainfall isavailable. A numerical solution was developed for the functional series representation ofnonlinear systems based on orthogonal expansions of the unknown system responsefunctions by Meixner functions. The expansions permit the determination of thelinear and nonlinear response functions from concurrent sequences of the systeminputs and outputs by solving a set of equations which are linear with respect tothe Meixner coefficients of the response functions. The results of illustration example of Petaluma watershed computed fromMeixner functions by computer are given in this paper as shown in Figures 8-b to 8-e.
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