• 作者： 吳式玉; 陳麗君
• 作者服務機構： 路易維爾大學物理系; 清邁大學物理系
• 中文摘要： 有些固體可存在於結晶相和無序相。這一類固體的結晶相和無序相的光電性質基本上是在同一範圍，它們的局域環境也相同。這些類似的性質顯示同一物質的結晶相和無序相的電子結構也應相似，因此固體的能帶理論應當不是像過去認為的取決於長程有序！決定能帶性質的關鍵應是體系的局域環境。探討局域環境最直接的辦法是從真實空間著手。本文評論適用於真實空間的方法，特別是遞推法。討論的重點包括動機，應用的工具，應用的方法以及計算的舉例。本文的目的在表明從局域著手是一個處理凝聚態的統一方法，不論體系是有序還是無序的！
• 英文摘要： For solids which have both crystalline and amorphous phases, the electrical and optical properties ofthe phases are known to be in the same range. The phases also have similar local environment. Thesesimilarities suggest that the electronic structures of the phases must be similar. Hence the concept of bandtheory of solids must be more general than its original derivation based on the existence of the long rangeorder indicates. Therefore the key to the determination of the density of states of solids may be the localenvironment rather than the long range order. The most direct way of providing a proper description ofthe local environment is through a real space approach. In this review, a careful analysis of the recursionmethod which facilitates the local approach in real space is presented. The discussion includes the motiva-tion of the local approach, the tools best suited for a general description of large (formally infinitely large)systems like solids, the development of the methodology and some examples of calculation. The under-lying theme is that the local approach based on the recursion method can provide a unified treatment ofsolids, be it ordered or disordered.
• 中文關鍵字： disordered systems; density of states; recursion method; local approach
• 英文關鍵字： --