• 作者： 周碧娥
• 作者服務機構： 國立清華大學社會人類學研究所; 懷俄明大學政治學系
• 中文摘要： 本文旨在探討婦女從政型態，特別是在參與選舉的途逕，在過去二十多年的變化，和其與臺灣社會政經發展的關係。討論的重點放在檢視家庭和非家庭因素對不同年代的婦女在政治社會化和參選過程的差異。樣本包括在1985年擔任三級主要議會的女性民意代表和其他參與這三級議會該次選舉的女性候選人。變遷的測量是以世代差異表示，亦即比較齡45歲以上和以下的從政婦女在社經特質，政治社會化經驗和參政取向等變項的差異，並以雙變項相關和多變項區別分析來檢定兩組婦女之間區分的顯著性。 統計分析結果發現：雖然從政婦女都來自相似的個人及家庭社經背景，並具有高度自信心，兩代婦女在政治社會化和從政取向還是有些重要的差異。早期的從政婦女與家庭，特別是配偶的政治經驗的關係很大；相反地，後期婦女的從政比較受個人對政治和議題的關心而影響；配偶的影響也比較限於對參政的支持。所以年輕的一輩比較早進入參選，是屬於自我起動者，而年老一輩則可說是外在（特別是配偶）的誘導。總之，分析的結果顯示臺灣婦女的參政型態也開始走向比較獨立和自我選擇了。
• 英文摘要： This paper examines the thesis that significant changes in women's political participationmay be induced by substantial socioeconomic development within a society when these changesalter women's political socialization．The perspectives of two generations (those above 45 andthose under 45 years of age) of women politicians in Taiwan who may have been affected bythe socioeconomic conditions that existed before and after the island's rapid industrializationwere compared. The statistical results show an interesting combination of highly significantgenerational differences and similarities between the age groups. The two generations differ little in family background and political socialization experiencesprovided by parental political activities. In addition, women in both groups were found to besimilar in being very self-confident. On the other hand, we observed some important differencesin the types of husbands' political activities and support, as well as in the women's style ofpolitical activation. The younger women started their political careers much earlier, appearedto be more self-activated because of favorable socialization, and were much more issue-oriented. These results provide significant empirical support for our thesis that socioeconomic changesindeed affect women's political participation. Moreover, by highlighting differences in thefamily's role in the political socialization of two generations of women politicians, this studyfurther specifies those mechanisms and processes which engender change in women's politicalactivation. In particular, the older generation women tended to be coopted by their husbandsand other relatives into family-based political networks. In contrast, the younger generationwomen were much more likely to be "self-starters”benefitting from supportive spouses. Thus, socioeconomic modernization in Taiwan has apparently stimulated greater independence andactivism among women politicians.
• 中文關鍵字： women; family; politics; Taiwan; socialization; modernization; generational change; legislators; political activation
• 英文關鍵字： --